He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2022 for his research on human evolution. He sequenced the genetic code of Neanderthals, and discovered a previously unknown relative - Denisovans. He is one of the founders of the scientific discipline of paleogenomics. His father, Sune Bergstrom, was a co-laureate of the same Nobel Prize in 1982 for his research on prostaglandins.