The song Elsa (Jessica Lange) sings in this episode is titled "Gods and Monsters" and is originally performed by Lana Del Rey.
In the opening sequence at the house of oddities the liver of real-life conjoined twins Chang and Eng Bunker is supposedly displayed. These famous twins, born in Siam, are where the term Siamese Twins came from.
In the opening scene, the setting for the "Morbidity Museum" is the Mütter Museum in Philadelphia, near the campus of University of Pennsylvania. It is actually a collection of medical oddities and anomalies.
The character of Edward Mordrake, played here by Wes Bentley, was mistakenly believed to have been an actual person, but is actually an urban legend. According to the legend, Edward was a 19th century aristocrat who was said to have suffered a form of Diprosopus. He had an extra face on the back of his head, which could neither eat nor speak out loud, although it was described as being able to laugh and cry. Edward reportedly begged doctors to have his "demon face" removed, claiming it "whispered" to him at night but no doctor would attempt the surgery. He later committed suicide at 23. However, this story has been proven to be false. Edward Mordrake was discovered to have been the fictional creation of Charles Lotin Hildreth, who fabricated his story for a sensationalist article in the Boston Sunday Post in 1895.
When Kathy Bates' character talks about Edward Mordrake she says that his family committed him to the crazy house up in Bedlam. This refers to Bethlem Royal Hospital, a London psychiatric institution and the origin of the word for chaos or madness.