The Men of Letters' vault is located in Lebanon, Kansas, which is the geographical center of the continental United States.
The idea of a "golem," a manipulable soldier made out of magically animated mud or clay created to protect Jews during pogroms or other times of antisemitism, actually is a part of European-Jewish folklore and mythology. The earliest-known written description of a golem's creation dates from the late 1100s or early 1200s. The most famous version of the golem myth comes from 16th-Century Prague, where a Rabbi named Judah Loew ben Bezalel was fabled to have created a golem to protect Prague's Jews from pogroms. The vast majority of Jewish scholars, even strictly Orthodox ones, see the golem story as a piece of allegorical folklore and not something to be taken seriously in a religious context.
Dean introduces himself as "Agent Bolan." This is, most likely, a nod to Marc Bolan - lead singer of the classic glam-rock band T. Rex.
The Golem's scroll reads the following names in Hebrew (from bottom to top): Rabbi Izaac son of Abraham, Rabbi David son of Jacob, Rabbi Adam son of Benjamin.
Setting for this episode was in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania due to the area's historical Jewish population.