When Sheldon (Jim Parsons) says "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy," he is quoting Hamlet in Act 1 Scene 5 of William Shakespeare's play.
The dance that Penny (Kaley Cuoco) does while making French toast is the exact same dance done by the character Ginger in The Terminator (1984), even to the degree that her hair is up and she is wearing her man's shirt and nothing else. We presume that Penny is happy about having had satisfying sex with her man, which is the same reason that Ginger was dancing. The second part of the reference to Terminator is that someone then enters the room and interrupts her, although it is not a Terminator, it is Sheldon (Jim Parsons).
Leonard (Johnny Galecki), Sheldon (Jim Parsons), and Penny (Kaley Cuoco) are watching the anime: Oshikuru: Demon Samurai, which is a reference to episode 2.10 The Salmon Under My Sweater (2004), of Two and a Half Men (2003) in which Charlie (Charlie Sheen) and Jake (Angus T. Jones) collaborate on the theme song to the same show. Both series are created by Chuck Lorre. The actual audio representing Oshikuru: Demon Samurai was from an anime called Boogiepop Never Laughs: Boogiepop Phantom (2000).
Confusingly, the fake tattoo sleeves as described by Howard (Simon Helberg) are actually real genuine products, not just the more commonly known term for arm length real tattoos. Howard and Raj (Kunal Nayyar) are wearing a version described as "realistic nylon mesh tattoo sleeves used in the movie and television industry", similar to women's stockings.
This episode was watched by 12.52 million people with a rating of 4.7 (adults 18-49).