During the fight between Sam and Sidewinder, the gun that Sidewinder uses fires 9-10 shots (depending on if you consider one shot to be a ricochet) but the gun is a six shooter revolver, which is shown when he empties the cylinder to reload a few seconds later.
Navies, especially the US Navy, would not be clustered together like depicted in the ocean in the movie. Naval ships need a wide area to maneuver, especially in a high stress conflict situation.
All US aircraft carriers have an umbrella of fighters in the air at all times, but in a potential conflict situation there would be more than 2 fighter jets overhead to provide protection from the attacks that are shown in this movie.
Fighter jets do not fire sidewinder missiles at naval ships, those are air to air missiles, and those missiles do not have to be in so close to be launched. Same goes with the air to ship missiles; sidewinders are usually deployed at 12 miles out or closer, those air to surface missiles can be launched out even further. Any air to air combat taking place that close would almost exclusively be with guns.
The guns fired by the F-18s in the movie fired much slower than they would in real life. The gun in the F-18 can reach up to 6000 rounds per minute and yet these planes were firing significantly slower, at a rate similar to an M2 Browning.
President Ross was elected in 2026 which is not a Presidential election year.
The shots around Washington, DC, seem to be in the summer, with blooming cherry blossom trees in several shots. However, the cherry blossom trees bloom in late March, well before any other trees leaf or bloom. Also, the majority of the trees in DC are Yoshino trees that bloom white with a blush of pink. The film's CGI trees are modeled after bright pink Kwanzan trees that do not exist in the film's location shots.
A subtitle states "5 Months Later," and President Ross states that he's been President for 100 days, which is slightly longer than 3 month. However, he is introduced in his first scene as "Future President," which would indicate he has not yet been inaugurated, likely setting this scene on or shortly after Election Day. As the US Presidential Election happens on the first Tuesday of November and Inauguration Day is about 2.5 months later on January 20th, "5 Months Later" would indeed be the first week of April, well within Ross's first 100 days in office.
Following their surrender in WWII, the Japanese military is solely defensive. There's no indication within the MCU that this has changed. Worse, there are numerous other nations stated to be interested in the area that have significant offensive military capabilities including China, France, and India, who could have filled the same role.
In several scenes where the actors are filmed from behind, their mouths don't match their words.
Many shots featuring the masked heroes and fighter pilots talking don't show their jaws moving.
During the US/Japanese stand off in the Indian Ocean, Captain America and the new Falcon arrive by seemingly having flown to the location. Seeing as previously the action was taking place in Washington DC, it is inconceivable that the pair managed to fly from DC to the Indian Ocean site, a distance of many 1000s of miles, using their backpack wings.
Sam says that Bucky is 110 years old. While this is true counting from Bucky's actual birthday, he had been blipped out of existence for 5 years starting in Avengers: Infinity War (2018), making him closer to 105.
Bucky says that Steve fought off two alien invasions. This is incorrect, as Steve actually fought off three alien invasions. Loki and the Chitauri in The Avengers (2012), and Thanos and his army twice, first in Avengers Infinity War (2018), and again in Avengers: Endgame (2019). To be fair, Bucky may not have been aware of Loki and the Chitauri, as he was presumed dead at the time and also not in the film.
When Capt America and sidekick are reported to be "off the grid", the scene cuts to the interior of the truck they are driving in. On the sidekicks left arm he is wearing an apple watch while he types onto a clam shell phone. The apple watch can be tracked with the "find my device" app and would surly be tracked by the government.