The song that plays while Lemmiwinks is trying to escape Mr. Slave's sphincter is based on the songs in "The Hobbit" (1977), sung by Glenn Yarbrough.
An obscure episode of Star Trek: The Original Series is referenced at the end, when Mr. Garrison says, "This kind of behavior should not be acceptable from a teacher!" A man pops up in the next shot that heavily resembles Akuta from the Star Trek: TOS episode, "The Apple".
The audience never hears what Catatafish's riddle actually is.