It's a long story so here goes....
After the success of the comic book Superhero Superman, artist Bob Kane tried to come up with his own hero "The Bat-Man", the character Kane created wore a red suit with a domino mask, blonde hair and a pair of bat wings. Kane then asked for writer Bill Finger's assistance on the project. Finger rejected several of Kane's initial ideas about the character and suggested several changes in design and characterization. His changes included changing his hair colour, a black colour scheme for the costume, adding a cape and cowl, the idea that he shouldn't have any superpowers, his civilian identity of Bruce Wayne (which Finger named after Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland and general Anthony "Mad Anthony" Wayne), the origin story about his parents being shot in an alley and the idea that he should also be a detective.
Kane marketed the "Batman" character to National Comics, and Batman's first story was published in "Detective Comics" #27 (May 1939). The script was written by an uncredited Finger, making him the first of many ghost writers to work on comics officially credited to Bob Kane. When Kane negotiated a contract about selling the rights to the "Batman" character, he claimed he was the sole creator and demanded a sole mandatory byline acknowledging him as such on all comics and adaptations. Out of fairness, Kane agreed to pay Finger his share with money out of his earnings. Unfortunately, the agreement was never put into writing, and Finger never saw a cent.
Finger would go on to ghost write Batman stories up into the mid 1960's, either with Kane or for DC Comics directly. During his writing tenure, Finger was responsible for the unaccredited creation of many key players and pieces in the Batman universe.
These included the Batmobile, the Batcave, Gotham City, and Batman's nickname "The Dark Knight". He also came up with several secondary Batman characters including, his sidekick Robin, his arch-nemesis The Joker, and his occasional love interest Catwoman, as well as Commissioner Gordon, The Riddler and The Scarecrow. Despite all of this, the only writing credit that Finger received for Batman in his lifetime were two episode of Batman (1966), The Clock King's Crazy Crimes (1966) and The Clock King Gets Crowned (1966) which he co-wrote with friend Charles Sinclair.
Eventually, the truth did come out. Finger attended the first official New York Comic Con in 1965 and sat on a panel with other comic book creators where he revealed the role he played in Batman's creation. Finger's story gained exposure in a two-page article titled "If the truth be known, or a Finger in every plot!," written and distributed by pop culturist Jerry Bails. Kane caught wind of Finger's appearance not long after and replied in the form of a printed letter to Batman fan magazine, "Batmania," where he labeled his old friend a fraud. Finger, who by this time was deeply in debt, continued to write for various projects in and outside of comic books until his death in 1974, when he was found alone in his apartment by friend Charles Sinclair. Finger died penniless and his contributions to the character was never acknowledged in his lifetime.
However, after the popularity of Tim Burton's Batman (1989), Kane acknowledged Finger as "a contributing force" in the character's creation, and wrote in his 1989 autobiography "Batman and Me" that "Now that my long-time friend and collaborator is gone, I must admit that Bill never received the fame and recognition he deserved. He was an unsung hero ... I often tell my wife, if I could go back fifteen years, before he died, I would like to say. 'I'll put your name on it now. You deserve it.'"
Many failed attempts were made over the years by Finger's family to get him recognition for his work, including a request from his second wife Lyn Simmons to have his name listed in the credits of Tim Burton's Batman (1989).
Finger remained largely unknown, even to Batman fans, until writer Marc Tyler Nobleman began investigating the late author's life for a book being written about him called "Bill the Boy Wonder: The Secret Co-Creator of Batman". Nobleman went in search of Finger's family to help fill in the gaps and give him credit. While Finger's autopsy report claimed no relatives were present, Nobleman discovered that Finger had a son, Fred.
Unfortunately, Fred, who was an outspoken proponent of his father, had died in 1992. Nobleman learned that Fred was also homosexual, leading him to believe that Fred had no children before his death. The trail was starting to go cold.
However, after receiving new information from Finger's nephew, Nobleman discovered Fred indeed had a daughter, Athena Finger, who was born two years after Finger's death. Nobleman met with Athena and convinced her to meet with DC about getting recognition for her grandfather. DC in turn welcomed Athena with open arms, cut her a check and invited her to the premiere of The Dark Knight (2008) with all expenses paid. It wasn't until around 2012 that DC offered her more money. This time, however, she had to sign away her rights to her grandfather's claim. With encouragement from Nobleman, Athena rejected the money and took DC to court.
It took years of litigation before a settlement was reached. A major turning point in the case was the unearthing of recorded interviews with Bob Kane during the writing of his autobiography. During one of the interviews, Tom Andrae, Kane's co-writer, asked Kane to what extent Finger contributed to Batman's creation. "Bill was responsible for 50 to 75 percent," Kane bluntly responded.
Finally, in September 2015, DC Entertainment issued a statement informing the public that Finger would be listed as co-creator on any piece of Batman media henceforth. Starting with the superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and the second season of Gotham (2014), an updated acknowledgement for the character appeared as "Batman created by Bob Kane with Bill Finger".
Finger's story was later used as the subject of the Hulu original documentary, Batman & Bill (2017).
After the success of the comic book Superhero Superman, artist Bob Kane tried to come up with his own hero "The Bat-Man", the character Kane created wore a red suit with a domino mask, blonde hair and a pair of bat wings. Kane then asked for writer Bill Finger's assistance on the project. Finger rejected several of Kane's initial ideas about the character and suggested several changes in design and characterization. His changes included changing his hair colour, a black colour scheme for the costume, adding a cape and cowl, the idea that he shouldn't have any superpowers, his civilian identity of Bruce Wayne (which Finger named after Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland and general Anthony "Mad Anthony" Wayne), the origin story about his parents being shot in an alley and the idea that he should also be a detective.
Kane marketed the "Batman" character to National Comics, and Batman's first story was published in "Detective Comics" #27 (May 1939). The script was written by an uncredited Finger, making him the first of many ghost writers to work on comics officially credited to Bob Kane. When Kane negotiated a contract about selling the rights to the "Batman" character, he claimed he was the sole creator and demanded a sole mandatory byline acknowledging him as such on all comics and adaptations. Out of fairness, Kane agreed to pay Finger his share with money out of his earnings. Unfortunately, the agreement was never put into writing, and Finger never saw a cent.
Finger would go on to ghost write Batman stories up into the mid 1960's, either with Kane or for DC Comics directly. During his writing tenure, Finger was responsible for the unaccredited creation of many key players and pieces in the Batman universe.
These included the Batmobile, the Batcave, Gotham City, and Batman's nickname "The Dark Knight". He also came up with several secondary Batman characters including, his sidekick Robin, his arch-nemesis The Joker, and his occasional love interest Catwoman, as well as Commissioner Gordon, The Riddler and The Scarecrow. Despite all of this, the only writing credit that Finger received for Batman in his lifetime were two episode of Batman (1966), The Clock King's Crazy Crimes (1966) and The Clock King Gets Crowned (1966) which he co-wrote with friend Charles Sinclair.
Eventually, the truth did come out. Finger attended the first official New York Comic Con in 1965 and sat on a panel with other comic book creators where he revealed the role he played in Batman's creation. Finger's story gained exposure in a two-page article titled "If the truth be known, or a Finger in every plot!," written and distributed by pop culturist Jerry Bails. Kane caught wind of Finger's appearance not long after and replied in the form of a printed letter to Batman fan magazine, "Batmania," where he labeled his old friend a fraud. Finger, who by this time was deeply in debt, continued to write for various projects in and outside of comic books until his death in 1974, when he was found alone in his apartment by friend Charles Sinclair. Finger died penniless and his contributions to the character was never acknowledged in his lifetime.
However, after the popularity of Tim Burton's Batman (1989), Kane acknowledged Finger as "a contributing force" in the character's creation, and wrote in his 1989 autobiography "Batman and Me" that "Now that my long-time friend and collaborator is gone, I must admit that Bill never received the fame and recognition he deserved. He was an unsung hero ... I often tell my wife, if I could go back fifteen years, before he died, I would like to say. 'I'll put your name on it now. You deserve it.'"
Many failed attempts were made over the years by Finger's family to get him recognition for his work, including a request from his second wife Lyn Simmons to have his name listed in the credits of Tim Burton's Batman (1989).
Finger remained largely unknown, even to Batman fans, until writer Marc Tyler Nobleman began investigating the late author's life for a book being written about him called "Bill the Boy Wonder: The Secret Co-Creator of Batman". Nobleman went in search of Finger's family to help fill in the gaps and give him credit. While Finger's autopsy report claimed no relatives were present, Nobleman discovered that Finger had a son, Fred.
Unfortunately, Fred, who was an outspoken proponent of his father, had died in 1992. Nobleman learned that Fred was also homosexual, leading him to believe that Fred had no children before his death. The trail was starting to go cold.
However, after receiving new information from Finger's nephew, Nobleman discovered Fred indeed had a daughter, Athena Finger, who was born two years after Finger's death. Nobleman met with Athena and convinced her to meet with DC about getting recognition for her grandfather. DC in turn welcomed Athena with open arms, cut her a check and invited her to the premiere of The Dark Knight (2008) with all expenses paid. It wasn't until around 2012 that DC offered her more money. This time, however, she had to sign away her rights to her grandfather's claim. With encouragement from Nobleman, Athena rejected the money and took DC to court.
It took years of litigation before a settlement was reached. A major turning point in the case was the unearthing of recorded interviews with Bob Kane during the writing of his autobiography. During one of the interviews, Tom Andrae, Kane's co-writer, asked Kane to what extent Finger contributed to Batman's creation. "Bill was responsible for 50 to 75 percent," Kane bluntly responded.
Finally, in September 2015, DC Entertainment issued a statement informing the public that Finger would be listed as co-creator on any piece of Batman media henceforth. Starting with the superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and the second season of Gotham (2014), an updated acknowledgement for the character appeared as "Batman created by Bob Kane with Bill Finger".
Finger's story was later used as the subject of the Hulu original documentary, Batman & Bill (2017).
Note: For this list only the creators of the characters first appearances are listed. As with all comic book characters, Batman's supporting cast have had several reinventions and different contributions from different writers. Theses include different iterations in different mediums that all have added different concepts to the overall mythology of the characters.
The Joker, who is given the alias Jack Napier in the series, just like in Tim Burton's Batman (1989) (episodes: Joker's Favor (1992), Be a Clown (1992), The Last Laugh (1992), The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Christmas with the Joker (1992), Joker's Wild (1992), The Laughing Fish (1993), Harley and Ivy (1993), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), Trial (1994), Harlequinade (1994) and Make 'Em Laugh (1994) with cameos in Dreams in Darkness (1992) and Fire from Olympus (1993)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Joker" from Batman #1 (Spring 1940) by writer Bill Finger, artist Bob Kane from a concept by illustrator Jerry Robinson.
Selina Kyle/Catwoman (episodes: The Cat and the Claw: Part I (1992), The Cat and the Claw: Part II (1992), Perchance to Dream (1992), Cat Scratch Fever (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992) and Catwalk (1995)). In her first comic appearance, she was called "The Cat" and appeared in a story of the same name in Batman #1 (Spring 1940) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Gotham City District Attorney Harvey Dent (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992), Pretty Poison (1992)) who would turn into the criminal Two-Face (episodes: Two-Face: Part I (1992), Two-Face: Part II (1992), The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993), Shadow of the Bat: Part II (1993), Trial (1994) and Second Chance (1994) as well as a cameo in Fire from Olympus (1993)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Crimes Of Two-Face" from Detective Comics #66 (August 1942) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot/The Penguin, (episodes: I've Got Batman in My Basement (1992), The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), The Mechanic (1993), Birds of a Feather (1993), Blind as a Bat (1993) and Second Chance (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "One of the Most Perfect Frame-Ups" from Detective Comics #58 (December 1941) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Edward Nigma/The Riddler (episodes: If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich? (1992), What Is Reality? (1992) and Riddler's Reform (1994), as well as a cameo in Trial (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Riddler" from Detective Comics #140 (October 1948) by writer Bill Finger and artist Dick Sprang.
Dr Jonathan Crane/The Scarecrow, (episodes: Nothing to Fear (1992), Fear of Victory (1992) and Dreams in Darkness (1992), as well as cameos in Joker's Wild (1992), Trial (1994) and Lock-Up (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "Riddle of the Human Scarecrow" from World's Finest Comics #3 (Fall 1941) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Dr Pamela Lillian Isley/Poison Ivy, called Pamela Isley or Dr Isley on screen (episodes: Pretty Poison (1992), Eternal Youth (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Harley and Ivy (1993) and House & Garden (1994), as well as cameos in Joker's Wild (1992), Heart of Ice (1992) and Trial (1994)). She made her first appearance in the comic story "Beware of - Poison Ivy!" from Batman # by 181 (June 1966) by writer Robert Kanigher and artist Sheldon Moldoff.
Dr Victor Fries/Mr. Freeze (episodes: Heart of Ice (1992) and Deep Freeze (1994)). Originally called Mr Zero in his first comic appearance in the comic story "The Ice Crimes of Mr Zero!" from Batman #121 (February 1959) by ghostwriters David Wood & Sheldon Moldoff and artist Bob Kane. He was renamed Mr Freeze for Batman (1966) and was also given the alias Dr Art Schivel, only for his name and origins to be retconed for this series.
Dr Jervis Tetch/The Mad Hatter (episodes: Mad as a Hatter (1992), Perchance to Dream (1992) and The Worry Men (1993), as well as cameos in Joker's Wild (1992), Trial (1994) and Make 'Em Laugh (1994)). He made his first comic appearance in the story "The Scoop of the Century!" from Batman #49 by writer Bill Finger, artist Lew Schwartz, based on a concept by artist Bob Kane.
Matthew "Matt" Hagen/Clayface (episodes: Feat of Clay: Part I (1992), Feat of Clay: Part II (1992) and Mudslide (1993)). This incarnation of Clayface is a combination of Basil Karlo and Matthew Hagen from the comics. Basil Karlo's Clayface first appeared in the comic story "The Murders Of Clayface" from Detective Comics #40 (June 1940) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane. Whilst Mathew Hagen's Clayface first appeared in the comic Story "The Challenge of Clay-Face" from Detective Comics #298 (December 1961) by writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff.
Waylon Jones/Killer Croc (episodes: Vendetta (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Sideshow (1994), Trial (1994) and Bane (1994)). He made his first appearance in "The Squid" from Batman #357 (March 1983) by writer Gerry Conway and artists Don Newton & Gene Colan.
Arnold Wesker/The Ventriloquist/Scarface (episodes: Read My Lips (1993), Trial (1994), Lock-Up (1994) and Catwalk (1995)) The character first appeared in the comic story "Fever" from Detective Comics #583 (February 1988) by writers John Wagner & Alan Grant and artist Norm Breyfogle.
Dr Robert Kirkland "Kirk" Langstrom/Man-Ban referred to on screen as Kirk Langstrom or Dr Langstrom (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992), Tyger Tyger (1992) and Terror in the Sky (1992)). In the series, he only turns into Man-Bat in only one episode in "On Leather Wings". He made his first appearance in the comic story "Challenge of the Man-Bat!" from Detective Comics #400 (June 1970) by writer Frank Robbins and artist Neal Adams from a concept by DC comics Batman editor Julius Schwartz.
Francine Evelyn Langstrom/She-Bat refereed to on screen as Francis Langstrom (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992) and Terror in the Sky (1992)). She only appears as She-Bat in the episode "Terror in the Sky". She made her first appearance in the comic story "Man or Bat?" from Detective Comics 402 (August 1970) by writer Frank Robbins and artist Neal Adams.
Rupert Thorne (episodes: tt0519598, Two-Face: Part I (1992), Two-Face: Part II (1992), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993), Paging the Crime Doctor (1993), Bane (1994) and Second Chance (1994)) who in this version is a composite character, and has traits of Carmine Falcone and Sal Maroni, integrated into his character, such as his status as Gotham City's ruling crime boss and role in the creation of Two-Face. He made his first appearance in the comic story "...By Death's Eerie Light!" from Detective Comics #469 (May 1977) by writer Steve Englehart and artist Walter Simonson.
Ra's al Ghul (episodes: The Demon's Quest: Part I (1993), The Demon's Quest: Part II (1993), Avatar (1994) and Showdown (1995)). He made his first appearance in "Daughter of the Demon" from Batman #232 (June 1971) by writer Denny O'Neil, and artist Neal Adams from a concept by then DC Comics "Batman" editor Julius Schwartz who also came up with the name.
Talia al Ghul (episodes: Off Balance (1992), The Demon's Quest: Part I (1993), The Demon's Quest: Part II (1993) and Avatar (1994) ), who is Ra's al Ghul's daughter. She made her first appearance in the comic story "Into the Den of the Death-Dealers!" from Detective Comics #411 (May 1971) by writer Denny O'Neil and artist Bob Brown from a concept by then DC comics "Batman" editor Dick Giordano.
Ubu, Ra's al Ghul's bodyguard (episodes: The Demon's Quest: Part I (1993), The Demon's Quest: Part II (1993), Avatar (1994) and Showdown (1995)) He made his first appearance in "Daughter of the Demon" from Batman #232 (June 1971) by writer Dennis O'Neill and artist Neal Adams.
Temple Fugate/The Clock King (episodes: The Clock King (1992) and Time Out of Joint (1994)). He made his first comic appearance as William Tockman/Clock King in a Green Arrow story called "The Crimes of the Clock King" from World's Finest Comics #111 (August 1960) by writer France Herron and artist Lee Elias.
and Professor Achilles Milo referred to as Professor Milo on screen (episodes: Cat Scratch Fever (1992) and Moon of the Wolf (1992)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Man Who Ended Batman's Career" from Detective Comics #247 by writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff.
The Joker, who is given the alias Jack Napier in the series, just like in Tim Burton's Batman (1989) (episodes: Joker's Favor (1992), Be a Clown (1992), The Last Laugh (1992), The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Christmas with the Joker (1992), Joker's Wild (1992), The Laughing Fish (1993), Harley and Ivy (1993), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), Trial (1994), Harlequinade (1994) and Make 'Em Laugh (1994) with cameos in Dreams in Darkness (1992) and Fire from Olympus (1993)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Joker" from Batman #1 (Spring 1940) by writer Bill Finger, artist Bob Kane from a concept by illustrator Jerry Robinson.
Selina Kyle/Catwoman (episodes: The Cat and the Claw: Part I (1992), The Cat and the Claw: Part II (1992), Perchance to Dream (1992), Cat Scratch Fever (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992) and Catwalk (1995)). In her first comic appearance, she was called "The Cat" and appeared in a story of the same name in Batman #1 (Spring 1940) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Gotham City District Attorney Harvey Dent (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992), Pretty Poison (1992)) who would turn into the criminal Two-Face (episodes: Two-Face: Part I (1992), Two-Face: Part II (1992), The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993), Shadow of the Bat: Part II (1993), Trial (1994) and Second Chance (1994) as well as a cameo in Fire from Olympus (1993)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Crimes Of Two-Face" from Detective Comics #66 (August 1942) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot/The Penguin, (episodes: I've Got Batman in My Basement (1992), The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), The Mechanic (1993), Birds of a Feather (1993), Blind as a Bat (1993) and Second Chance (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "One of the Most Perfect Frame-Ups" from Detective Comics #58 (December 1941) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Edward Nigma/The Riddler (episodes: If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich? (1992), What Is Reality? (1992) and Riddler's Reform (1994), as well as a cameo in Trial (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Riddler" from Detective Comics #140 (October 1948) by writer Bill Finger and artist Dick Sprang.
Dr Jonathan Crane/The Scarecrow, (episodes: Nothing to Fear (1992), Fear of Victory (1992) and Dreams in Darkness (1992), as well as cameos in Joker's Wild (1992), Trial (1994) and Lock-Up (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "Riddle of the Human Scarecrow" from World's Finest Comics #3 (Fall 1941) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Dr Pamela Lillian Isley/Poison Ivy, called Pamela Isley or Dr Isley on screen (episodes: Pretty Poison (1992), Eternal Youth (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Harley and Ivy (1993) and House & Garden (1994), as well as cameos in Joker's Wild (1992), Heart of Ice (1992) and Trial (1994)). She made her first appearance in the comic story "Beware of - Poison Ivy!" from Batman # by 181 (June 1966) by writer Robert Kanigher and artist Sheldon Moldoff.
Dr Victor Fries/Mr. Freeze (episodes: Heart of Ice (1992) and Deep Freeze (1994)). Originally called Mr Zero in his first comic appearance in the comic story "The Ice Crimes of Mr Zero!" from Batman #121 (February 1959) by ghostwriters David Wood & Sheldon Moldoff and artist Bob Kane. He was renamed Mr Freeze for Batman (1966) and was also given the alias Dr Art Schivel, only for his name and origins to be retconed for this series.
Dr Jervis Tetch/The Mad Hatter (episodes: Mad as a Hatter (1992), Perchance to Dream (1992) and The Worry Men (1993), as well as cameos in Joker's Wild (1992), Trial (1994) and Make 'Em Laugh (1994)). He made his first comic appearance in the story "The Scoop of the Century!" from Batman #49 by writer Bill Finger, artist Lew Schwartz, based on a concept by artist Bob Kane.
Matthew "Matt" Hagen/Clayface (episodes: Feat of Clay: Part I (1992), Feat of Clay: Part II (1992) and Mudslide (1993)). This incarnation of Clayface is a combination of Basil Karlo and Matthew Hagen from the comics. Basil Karlo's Clayface first appeared in the comic story "The Murders Of Clayface" from Detective Comics #40 (June 1940) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane. Whilst Mathew Hagen's Clayface first appeared in the comic Story "The Challenge of Clay-Face" from Detective Comics #298 (December 1961) by writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff.
Waylon Jones/Killer Croc (episodes: Vendetta (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Sideshow (1994), Trial (1994) and Bane (1994)). He made his first appearance in "The Squid" from Batman #357 (March 1983) by writer Gerry Conway and artists Don Newton & Gene Colan.
Arnold Wesker/The Ventriloquist/Scarface (episodes: Read My Lips (1993), Trial (1994), Lock-Up (1994) and Catwalk (1995)) The character first appeared in the comic story "Fever" from Detective Comics #583 (February 1988) by writers John Wagner & Alan Grant and artist Norm Breyfogle.
Dr Robert Kirkland "Kirk" Langstrom/Man-Ban referred to on screen as Kirk Langstrom or Dr Langstrom (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992), Tyger Tyger (1992) and Terror in the Sky (1992)). In the series, he only turns into Man-Bat in only one episode in "On Leather Wings". He made his first appearance in the comic story "Challenge of the Man-Bat!" from Detective Comics #400 (June 1970) by writer Frank Robbins and artist Neal Adams from a concept by DC comics Batman editor Julius Schwartz.
Francine Evelyn Langstrom/She-Bat refereed to on screen as Francis Langstrom (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992) and Terror in the Sky (1992)). She only appears as She-Bat in the episode "Terror in the Sky". She made her first appearance in the comic story "Man or Bat?" from Detective Comics 402 (August 1970) by writer Frank Robbins and artist Neal Adams.
Rupert Thorne (episodes: tt0519598, Two-Face: Part I (1992), Two-Face: Part II (1992), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993), Paging the Crime Doctor (1993), Bane (1994) and Second Chance (1994)) who in this version is a composite character, and has traits of Carmine Falcone and Sal Maroni, integrated into his character, such as his status as Gotham City's ruling crime boss and role in the creation of Two-Face. He made his first appearance in the comic story "...By Death's Eerie Light!" from Detective Comics #469 (May 1977) by writer Steve Englehart and artist Walter Simonson.
Ra's al Ghul (episodes: The Demon's Quest: Part I (1993), The Demon's Quest: Part II (1993), Avatar (1994) and Showdown (1995)). He made his first appearance in "Daughter of the Demon" from Batman #232 (June 1971) by writer Denny O'Neil, and artist Neal Adams from a concept by then DC Comics "Batman" editor Julius Schwartz who also came up with the name.
Talia al Ghul (episodes: Off Balance (1992), The Demon's Quest: Part I (1993), The Demon's Quest: Part II (1993) and Avatar (1994) ), who is Ra's al Ghul's daughter. She made her first appearance in the comic story "Into the Den of the Death-Dealers!" from Detective Comics #411 (May 1971) by writer Denny O'Neil and artist Bob Brown from a concept by then DC comics "Batman" editor Dick Giordano.
Ubu, Ra's al Ghul's bodyguard (episodes: The Demon's Quest: Part I (1993), The Demon's Quest: Part II (1993), Avatar (1994) and Showdown (1995)) He made his first appearance in "Daughter of the Demon" from Batman #232 (June 1971) by writer Dennis O'Neill and artist Neal Adams.
Temple Fugate/The Clock King (episodes: The Clock King (1992) and Time Out of Joint (1994)). He made his first comic appearance as William Tockman/Clock King in a Green Arrow story called "The Crimes of the Clock King" from World's Finest Comics #111 (August 1960) by writer France Herron and artist Lee Elias.
and Professor Achilles Milo referred to as Professor Milo on screen (episodes: Cat Scratch Fever (1992) and Moon of the Wolf (1992)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Man Who Ended Batman's Career" from Detective Comics #247 by writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff.
Note: For this list only the creators of the characters first appearances are listed. As with all comic book characters, Batman and his supporting cast have had several reinventions and different contributions from different writers. Theses include different iterations in different mediums that all have added different concepts to the overall mythology of the characters.
Obviously, their Bruce Thomas Wayne/Batman called only Bruce Wayne or Batman on screen. He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" from Detective Comics #27 (May 1939) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Richard John "Dick" Grayson/Robin, called only Dick Grayson or Robin on screen. He made his first appearance in "Robin the Boy Wonder" from Detective Comics #38 (April 1940) by writer Bill Finger, artist Bob Kane and illustrator Jerry Robinson.
Alfred Thaddeus Crane Pennyworth, called only Alfred on screen, whom in his first appearances was called Alfred Beagle and first appeared in the comic story "Here Comes Alfred" from Batman #16 (April-May 1943) by writer Don Cameron and artist Bob Kane. The characters were later reintroduced as Alfred Pennyworth (complete with a different appearance) in comics continuity by writer Bill Finger and artist Jerry Robinson.
Gotham City Police Commissioner James Worthington Gordon, Sr., called Commissioner Gordon or Jim on screen. Just like Batman, he made his first appearance in the comic story "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" from Detective Comics #27 (May 1939) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Gotham City Police Detective Harvey Bullock (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992), It's Never Too Late (1992), Joker's Favor (1992), Pretty Poison (1992), Nothing to Fear (1992), P.O.V. (1992), Vendetta (1992), I Am the Night (1992), Moon of the Wolf (1992), Christmas with the Joker (1992), Heart of Steel: Part II (1992), Off Balance (1992), The Laughing Fish (1993), Harley and Ivy (1993), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993), Shadow of the Bat: Part II (1993), Baby-Doll (1994), Harley's Holiday (1994), Lock-Up (1994) & Catwalk (1995), with cameo appearances in Be a Clown (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Zatanna (1993), Lock-Up (1994), Make 'Em Laugh (1994) & Catwalk (1995)). He first appeared in the comic story Batman: "Judgment Day" from Detective Comics #441 (June 1974) and was created by writer Archie Goodwin and artist Howard Chaykin as "Lieutenant Bullock". In his three-panel first appearance, Bullock was not much developed and became a forgotten character for nearly a decade, until he was brought back and further developed by writer Doug Moench and artist Don Newton, in the comic story "The Most Successful Species!" from Batman #361 (July 1983).
Dr Leslie Maurin Thompkins called only Leslie Thompkins or Dr Thompkins on screen (episodes: Appointment in Crime Alley (1992), Perchance to Dream (1992), I Am the Night (1992), Blind as a Bat (1993) and Paging the Crime Doctor (1993)). She made her first appearance in the comic story "There is No Hope in Crime Alley!" from Detective Comics #457 (March 1976) by writer Denny O'Neil and artist Dick Giordano.
Lucius Fox (episodes: Feat of Clay: Part I (1992), Feat of Clay: Part II (1992), Cat Scratch Fever (1992), Heart of Steel: Part I (1992), If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich? (1992), Off Balance (1992), See No Evil (1993) and Avatar (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "Dark Messenger of Mercy" from Batman #307 (January 1979) by writer Len Wein and artist John Calnan.
Mayor of Gotham City Hamilton Hill sometimes called Mayor Hill on screen (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992), Pretty Poison (1992), Be a Clown (1992), The Clock King (1992), Heart of Steel: Part II (1992), Blind as a Bat (1993), Harlequinade (1994), Time Out of Joint (1994) and Lock-Up (1994), with cameos in Joker's Favor (1992), Fear of Victory (1992), Heart of Steel: Part I (1992), Trial (1994) and Catwalk (1995)). He first appeared in the comic story "The 6 Days of the Scarecrow" from Detective Comics #503 (June 1981) by writer Gerry Conway and artist Don Newton.
and Barbara Gordon, (episodes: I Am the Night (1992), Heart of Steel: Part I (1992), Heart of Steel: Part II (1992) & Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993)) who would later become Batgirl (Shadow of the Bat: Part II (1993) and Batgirl Returns (1994)). She was originally created by, Batman Editor Julius Schwartz, and artist Carmine Infantino at the request of the producer of Batman (1966), William Dozier. She was later adapted into the comics starting the comic story "The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl!" from Detective Comics #359 (January 1967) by writer Gardner Fox and artist Carmine Infantino.
Obviously, their Bruce Thomas Wayne/Batman called only Bruce Wayne or Batman on screen. He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" from Detective Comics #27 (May 1939) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Richard John "Dick" Grayson/Robin, called only Dick Grayson or Robin on screen. He made his first appearance in "Robin the Boy Wonder" from Detective Comics #38 (April 1940) by writer Bill Finger, artist Bob Kane and illustrator Jerry Robinson.
Alfred Thaddeus Crane Pennyworth, called only Alfred on screen, whom in his first appearances was called Alfred Beagle and first appeared in the comic story "Here Comes Alfred" from Batman #16 (April-May 1943) by writer Don Cameron and artist Bob Kane. The characters were later reintroduced as Alfred Pennyworth (complete with a different appearance) in comics continuity by writer Bill Finger and artist Jerry Robinson.
Gotham City Police Commissioner James Worthington Gordon, Sr., called Commissioner Gordon or Jim on screen. Just like Batman, he made his first appearance in the comic story "The Case of the Chemical Syndicate" from Detective Comics #27 (May 1939) by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Gotham City Police Detective Harvey Bullock (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992), It's Never Too Late (1992), Joker's Favor (1992), Pretty Poison (1992), Nothing to Fear (1992), P.O.V. (1992), Vendetta (1992), I Am the Night (1992), Moon of the Wolf (1992), Christmas with the Joker (1992), Heart of Steel: Part II (1992), Off Balance (1992), The Laughing Fish (1993), Harley and Ivy (1993), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993), Shadow of the Bat: Part II (1993), Baby-Doll (1994), Harley's Holiday (1994), Lock-Up (1994) & Catwalk (1995), with cameo appearances in Be a Clown (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), Zatanna (1993), Lock-Up (1994), Make 'Em Laugh (1994) & Catwalk (1995)). He first appeared in the comic story Batman: "Judgment Day" from Detective Comics #441 (June 1974) and was created by writer Archie Goodwin and artist Howard Chaykin as "Lieutenant Bullock". In his three-panel first appearance, Bullock was not much developed and became a forgotten character for nearly a decade, until he was brought back and further developed by writer Doug Moench and artist Don Newton, in the comic story "The Most Successful Species!" from Batman #361 (July 1983).
Dr Leslie Maurin Thompkins called only Leslie Thompkins or Dr Thompkins on screen (episodes: Appointment in Crime Alley (1992), Perchance to Dream (1992), I Am the Night (1992), Blind as a Bat (1993) and Paging the Crime Doctor (1993)). She made her first appearance in the comic story "There is No Hope in Crime Alley!" from Detective Comics #457 (March 1976) by writer Denny O'Neil and artist Dick Giordano.
Lucius Fox (episodes: Feat of Clay: Part I (1992), Feat of Clay: Part II (1992), Cat Scratch Fever (1992), Heart of Steel: Part I (1992), If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich? (1992), Off Balance (1992), See No Evil (1993) and Avatar (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "Dark Messenger of Mercy" from Batman #307 (January 1979) by writer Len Wein and artist John Calnan.
Mayor of Gotham City Hamilton Hill sometimes called Mayor Hill on screen (episodes: On Leather Wings (1992), Pretty Poison (1992), Be a Clown (1992), The Clock King (1992), Heart of Steel: Part II (1992), Blind as a Bat (1993), Harlequinade (1994), Time Out of Joint (1994) and Lock-Up (1994), with cameos in Joker's Favor (1992), Fear of Victory (1992), Heart of Steel: Part I (1992), Trial (1994) and Catwalk (1995)). He first appeared in the comic story "The 6 Days of the Scarecrow" from Detective Comics #503 (June 1981) by writer Gerry Conway and artist Don Newton.
and Barbara Gordon, (episodes: I Am the Night (1992), Heart of Steel: Part I (1992), Heart of Steel: Part II (1992) & Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993)) who would later become Batgirl (Shadow of the Bat: Part II (1993) and Batgirl Returns (1994)). She was originally created by, Batman Editor Julius Schwartz, and artist Carmine Infantino at the request of the producer of Batman (1966), William Dozier. She was later adapted into the comics starting the comic story "The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl!" from Detective Comics #359 (January 1967) by writer Gardner Fox and artist Carmine Infantino.
For new characters, theirs Joker's henchwoman, Dr. Harleen Frances Quinzel/Harley Quinn (episodes: Joker's Favor (1992), Almost Got 'im (1992), The Laughing Fish (1993), Harley and Ivy (1993), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), Trial (1994), Harlequinade (1994), Harley's Holiday (1994) and Lock-Up (1994)). She was created by writer Paul Dini and drawn by Bruce Timm.
Gotham City Police Officer Renee Maria Montoya, called Officer Montoya or Renee Montoya on screen (episodes: Pretty Poison (1992), P.O.V. (1992), Vendetta (1992), The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992), Cat Scratch Fever (1992), Harley and Ivy (1993), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), House & Garden (1994), Trial (1994), Harley's Holiday (1994), Make 'Em Laugh (1994), Batgirl Returns (1994) & A Bullet for Bullock (1995), with cameo appearances in Joker's Favor (1992), Beware the Gray Ghost (1992), Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993), Baby-Doll (1994), Time Out of Joint (1994) & Catwalk (1995)). She was initially created for this series and was pre-emptively introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992. She was created by writers Paul Dini and Mitch Brian and animator Bruce Timm. Her first comic appearance was in the comic story "The Return of Scarface (Part I of III): Mustache Pete is Dead!" from Batman #475 (March 1992).
As for changes from the Batman comics, these include a new origin for Mr. Freeze by writer Paul Dini. In this new origin (see Heart of Ice (1992)) Freeze was given the real name Victor Fries, also we are introduced his terminally ill wife, Nora Fries, whom Victor cryogenically freezes whilst he tries to find a cure for her condition. He uses his boss's, Ferris Boyle's, company Gothcorps's equipment to Freeze his wife and the company's money to find a cure for her illness. When Ferris found out he angrily confronted Fries and during a scuffle Fries falls into some chemicals which freeze him making him need below zero temperatures to survive. He then goes after Boyle in revenge but is stopped by Batman. This new backstory explains his obsession with ice and need to build a criminal empire to raise research funds. This more complex, tragic character was enthusiastically accepted by fans and has become the standard portrayal for the character in most forms of media, including film, television series, Video games and the comic book series themselves, which previously had the character casually killed off by the Joker. Mr Freeze was resurrected in the comics not long after Heart of Ice (1992) first aired.
Also the creators of this series came up with tragic origin stories for villains like Clayface (see Feat of Clay: Part I (1992) & Feat of Clay: Part II (1992)), Two-Face (see Two-Face: Part I (1992) & Two-Face: Part II (1992), The Mad Hatter (see Mad as a Hatter (1992)) and The Riddler (see If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich? (1992)) these new origins gave the characters more in-depth backstories and greater motivations for their crimes.
Gotham City Police Officer Renee Maria Montoya, called Officer Montoya or Renee Montoya on screen (episodes: Pretty Poison (1992), P.O.V. (1992), Vendetta (1992), The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992), Cat Scratch Fever (1992), Harley and Ivy (1993), The Man Who Killed Batman (1993), House & Garden (1994), Trial (1994), Harley's Holiday (1994), Make 'Em Laugh (1994), Batgirl Returns (1994) & A Bullet for Bullock (1995), with cameo appearances in Joker's Favor (1992), Beware the Gray Ghost (1992), Shadow of the Bat: Part I (1993), Baby-Doll (1994), Time Out of Joint (1994) & Catwalk (1995)). She was initially created for this series and was pre-emptively introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992. She was created by writers Paul Dini and Mitch Brian and animator Bruce Timm. Her first comic appearance was in the comic story "The Return of Scarface (Part I of III): Mustache Pete is Dead!" from Batman #475 (March 1992).
As for changes from the Batman comics, these include a new origin for Mr. Freeze by writer Paul Dini. In this new origin (see Heart of Ice (1992)) Freeze was given the real name Victor Fries, also we are introduced his terminally ill wife, Nora Fries, whom Victor cryogenically freezes whilst he tries to find a cure for her condition. He uses his boss's, Ferris Boyle's, company Gothcorps's equipment to Freeze his wife and the company's money to find a cure for her illness. When Ferris found out he angrily confronted Fries and during a scuffle Fries falls into some chemicals which freeze him making him need below zero temperatures to survive. He then goes after Boyle in revenge but is stopped by Batman. This new backstory explains his obsession with ice and need to build a criminal empire to raise research funds. This more complex, tragic character was enthusiastically accepted by fans and has become the standard portrayal for the character in most forms of media, including film, television series, Video games and the comic book series themselves, which previously had the character casually killed off by the Joker. Mr Freeze was resurrected in the comics not long after Heart of Ice (1992) first aired.
Also the creators of this series came up with tragic origin stories for villains like Clayface (see Feat of Clay: Part I (1992) & Feat of Clay: Part II (1992)), Two-Face (see Two-Face: Part I (1992) & Two-Face: Part II (1992), The Mad Hatter (see Mad as a Hatter (1992)) and The Riddler (see If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Rich? (1992)) these new origins gave the characters more in-depth backstories and greater motivations for their crimes.
Note: For this list only the creators of the characters first appearances are listed. As with all comic book characters, Batman's supporting cast have had several reinventions and different contributions from different writers. Theses include different iterations in different mediums that all have added different concepts to the overall mythology of the characters.
Professor Hugo Strange (episode: The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "Batman meets "Professor Hugo Strange" from Detective Comics #36 by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Count Vertigo, referred to simply as Vertigo (episode: Off Balance (1992)). He first appeared in the Black Canary comic story: "The Vertigo Version" from World's Finest #251 by writer Gerry Conway and artists Trevor Von Eeden & Vince Colletta.
Zatanna Zatara (episode: Zatanna (1993)). She made her first appearance in the comic story "The Girl Who Split in Two!" from Hawkman #4 (November 1964) by writer Gardner Fox and artist Murphy Anderson.
Giovanni "John" Zatara (episode: Zatanna (1993)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Mystery of the Freight Train Robberies" from Action Comics #1 (June 1938) by writer and artist Fred Guardineer.
Maximilian "Maxie" Zeus (episode: Fire from Olympus (1993)). He made his first appearance in "The Curse Of Crime Alley" from Detective Comics #483 (June 1979) by writer Denny O'Neil and artist Don Newton.
Dr Matthew Thorne (episode: Paging the Crime Doctor (1993)), who in this incarnation is the brother of the Gotham City gangster Rupert Thorne. Originally called "Bradford Thorne and not related to Rupert Thorne who had yet to debut in the comics. He first appeared in the comic story "The Crime Clinic" from Detective Comics #77 (July 1943) and was created by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Bane (episode: Bane (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story Batman: Vengeance of Bane #1 (January 1993) by writers Chuck Dixon & Doug Moench and artist Graham Nolan, from a concept by Denny O'Neil.
Gunther Hardwicke/The Shark, Warren Lawford/The Fox & Armand 'Army' Lydecker/The Vulture aka The Terrible Trio (episode: The Terrible Trio (1995)). They first appeared in the comic story "The Fox, the Shark, and the Vulture" from Detective Comics #253 (March 1958) by ghost writer David Wood and artist Sheldon Moldoff.
and Jonah Woodson Hex (episode: Showdown (1995)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "Welcome to Paradise" from All-Star Western #10 (March 1972) by writer John Albano and artist Tony DeZuniga.
Professor Hugo Strange (episode: The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne (1992)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "Batman meets "Professor Hugo Strange" from Detective Comics #36 by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Count Vertigo, referred to simply as Vertigo (episode: Off Balance (1992)). He first appeared in the Black Canary comic story: "The Vertigo Version" from World's Finest #251 by writer Gerry Conway and artists Trevor Von Eeden & Vince Colletta.
Zatanna Zatara (episode: Zatanna (1993)). She made her first appearance in the comic story "The Girl Who Split in Two!" from Hawkman #4 (November 1964) by writer Gardner Fox and artist Murphy Anderson.
Giovanni "John" Zatara (episode: Zatanna (1993)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "The Mystery of the Freight Train Robberies" from Action Comics #1 (June 1938) by writer and artist Fred Guardineer.
Maximilian "Maxie" Zeus (episode: Fire from Olympus (1993)). He made his first appearance in "The Curse Of Crime Alley" from Detective Comics #483 (June 1979) by writer Denny O'Neil and artist Don Newton.
Dr Matthew Thorne (episode: Paging the Crime Doctor (1993)), who in this incarnation is the brother of the Gotham City gangster Rupert Thorne. Originally called "Bradford Thorne and not related to Rupert Thorne who had yet to debut in the comics. He first appeared in the comic story "The Crime Clinic" from Detective Comics #77 (July 1943) and was created by writer Bill Finger and artist Bob Kane.
Bane (episode: Bane (1994)). He made his first appearance in the comic story Batman: Vengeance of Bane #1 (January 1993) by writers Chuck Dixon & Doug Moench and artist Graham Nolan, from a concept by Denny O'Neil.
Gunther Hardwicke/The Shark, Warren Lawford/The Fox & Armand 'Army' Lydecker/The Vulture aka The Terrible Trio (episode: The Terrible Trio (1995)). They first appeared in the comic story "The Fox, the Shark, and the Vulture" from Detective Comics #253 (March 1958) by ghost writer David Wood and artist Sheldon Moldoff.
and Jonah Woodson Hex (episode: Showdown (1995)). He made his first appearance in the comic story "Welcome to Paradise" from All-Star Western #10 (March 1972) by writer John Albano and artist Tony DeZuniga.
No one has answered this question yet.
Bruce Wayne has been the Batman for approximately ten years when this series begins (as revealed in the spin-off movie, Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (1993)), putting him in his early to mid-30s. As a comic-book character, Batman's first appearance was in DETECTIVE COMICS #27 (May, 1939).
In the book Batman: Animated (written with Chip Kidd) Paul Dini writes: "In rethinking Robin for the animated series, it was our intention that Dick Grayson would be older than the traditional depictions of his character, about twenty, and operating on his own as a solo crime fighter." He has apparently been Batman's partner for 9 years (almost half of his life).
Gotham City is a fictional U.S. port city located on the north-eastern Atlantic coast. It was originally a stand-in for New York City, but has also resembled other crime-ridden urban centers such as Chicago and Detroit. Some sources, including Mayfair Games' authorized (but now out-of-print) Atlas of the DC Universe, have placed Gotham City in the state of New Jersey. Batman: The Animated Series shows Gotham City in New York State on the western tip of Long Island.
Christopher Nolan's (director for Batman Begins and The Dark Knight) Gotham City is located in the middle of the estuary of the Liberty River, where it empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The river separates most of Gotham from the mainland. The River Merchant divides Uptown from Midtown, while Midtown is separated from Downtown by the Gotham River. The Narrows is a small island in the Gotham River. A creek divides the district of South Hinkley from the rest of Gotham City. Gotham International Airport is in Pettsburg, to the north of the Liberty River estuary.
The current DC Universe version of Gotham City is separated from the mainland by the Gotham River, bridged by a series of bridges and tunnels. The east and south sides of Gotham face the Atlantic Ocean. The city is further divided by the Sprang River (named for Dick Sprang) on the northern end and the Finger River (for Bill Finger) to the south. Tiny Blackgate Isle to the south-east is home to Blackgate Maximum Security Penitentiary. (Blackgate is replaced by Stonegate Penitentiary in the animated series "Batman" (1992) and its spin-offs.)
Christopher Nolan's (director for Batman Begins and The Dark Knight) Gotham City is located in the middle of the estuary of the Liberty River, where it empties into the Atlantic Ocean. The river separates most of Gotham from the mainland. The River Merchant divides Uptown from Midtown, while Midtown is separated from Downtown by the Gotham River. The Narrows is a small island in the Gotham River. A creek divides the district of South Hinkley from the rest of Gotham City. Gotham International Airport is in Pettsburg, to the north of the Liberty River estuary.
The current DC Universe version of Gotham City is separated from the mainland by the Gotham River, bridged by a series of bridges and tunnels. The east and south sides of Gotham face the Atlantic Ocean. The city is further divided by the Sprang River (named for Dick Sprang) on the northern end and the Finger River (for Bill Finger) to the south. Tiny Blackgate Isle to the south-east is home to Blackgate Maximum Security Penitentiary. (Blackgate is replaced by Stonegate Penitentiary in the animated series "Batman" (1992) and its spin-offs.)
The Elizabeth Arkham Asylum for the Criminally Insane is first mentioned (as Arkham Hospital) in "The Threat of the Two-Headed Coin!" in BATMAN #258 (October 1974) written by writer Denny O'Neil and drawn by artist Irv Novick. The first specific reference to "Arkham Asylum" was in the story "This One'll Kill You, Batman!" also written by Denny O'Neil and drawn by Irv Novick in BATMAN #260 (February 1975). The name was inspired by the fictitious New England city of Arkham created by H.P. Lovecraft.
In the post-Crisis comics Dick Grayson was 13 years old. In Batman: The Animated Series, Dick was approximately 10 years old when he was orphaned, and maybe 11 when he first became Robin.
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