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- Writer
James Monroe was born on 28 April 1758 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, USA. He was a writer. He was married to Elizabeth Kortright. He died on 4 July 1831 in New York City, New York, USA.- After school, he enrolled in college in 1774, but dropped out two years later at the start of the American Revolution to join the Virginia Army. During the fighting, Monroe was wounded and promoted to major. In 1782, Monroe began studying law and became friends with Thomas Jefferson. With this he was represented in Virginia's delegation to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1786. During this time, Monroe married Elizabeth Kortright.
After practicing law for several years, Monroe was elected to the Senate in 1790. In this role, together with James Madison and Jefferson, he organized the opposition to President George Washington, which eventually developed into the Republican Party. From 1794 to 1796, Monroe served as an envoy to revolutionary France. In 1799 he was elevated to governor of Virginia. In this role he helped suppress a slave rebellion the following year.
In 1803, Monroe was again in diplomatic service in France, where he negotiated the American purchase of Louisiana with Robert R. Livingston. From 1804 to 1807 he served as an envoy to Great Britain. In 1811, under James Madison's presidency, Monroe was appointed Secretary of State. During the military conflict with Great Britain in 1814/15 he also served as Minister of War. As a Republican candidate, Monroe won the presidential election in 1816.
During his double term in office from 1817 to 1825, he developed a policy of internal consolidation that included expanding the army, strengthening the US Bank and enforcing protectionism. During his presidency, he established the "Era of Good Feeling", which was based on restoring political harmony and overcoming partisan differences. The president's power of integration was expressed in the elections of 1820, in which Monroe received all the votes unopposed.
In the area of foreign policy, Monroe was able to claim Florida in 1819. On the question of recognizing the independent Latin American states, the US President took an independent position vis-à-vis the major European powers. In his annual address of December 2, 1823, Monroe rejected any European intervention in Latin America to restore Spanish dominance. He also reiterated the United States' intention not to interfere in the internal affairs of other nations.
This foreign policy program, then known as the "Monroe Doctrine," was to determine the isolationist and hegemonic course of US foreign policy for a long time. After Monroe left the presidency in 1825, he became involved with the University of Virginia. In 1829 he attended the Virginia Constitutional Convention with James Madison.
James Monroe died on July 4, 1831 in New York City. - César Ribié was born on 15 March 1758 in Paris, France. César is known for The Talisman or Sheep's Foot (1907).
- Fisher Ames was born on 9 April 1758 in Dedham, Massachusetts, USA. Fisher died on 4 July 1808 in Dedham, Suffolk County [now Norfolk County], Massachusetts, USA.
- Pierre-Paul Prud'hon was born on 4 April 1758 in Cluny, France. He was a writer, known for Phrosine and Meledore (1900). He died on 14 February 1823.