Conductor of the Minnesota Orchestra from 1960-79.
He was also a composer. His Bruckner symphonies 2006 recordings won a medal from the Bruckner Society of America.
He became a composer and conductor, lauded as Poland's rising young star. The Communist government kept him under close watch. In 1959 he and his wife, Krystyna, defected to Amsterdam by train.
He wrote and published 30 orchestral works, chamber music, transcriptions and arrangements. Two of his compositions were shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize.
He began studying piano and violin at age four and composed his first symphonic work at seven. His ambition to become a concert pianist ended when the Germans bombed Lvov in WWII; a wall fell on him, injuring his hand.