Melody Time 1948 premiere

Frances Langford won fame on radio (primarily as Bob Hope's vocalist, later sparring comically with Don Ameche as "The Bickersons"), via recordings and in the movies. In spite of the fact that she played mostly in minor musicals (plus appearing occasionally in "A" productions, including Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), This Is the Army (1943) and The Glenn Miller Story (1954)), she introduced major songs like "I'm in the Mood for Love" in Every Night at Eight (1935), "You are My Lucky Star" and "Broadway Rhythm" in Broadway Melody of 1936 (1935), Cole Porter's "Easy to Love" in Born to Dance (1936) and "Hooray for Hollywood" in Hollywood Hotel (1937).

Freddy Martin was born on 9 December 1906 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. He was an actor, known for The Mayor of 44th Street (1942), Forbidden Zone (1980) and Seven Days' Leave (1942). He was married to E. Lillian Reardon. He died on 30 September 1983 in Newport Beach, California, USA.

Always bright and beaming from ear to ear, Irish singer Dennis Day's name and career remains synonymous with that of Jack Benny's, working with the star comedian on radio and TV for the entire duration. It was Jack who gave him his break in 1939 and Jack who kept him employed as a singer and naive comic sidekick (his "Gee, Mr. Benny!" became a well-known catchphrase on the show). Dennis in fact would play second-banana to the comedian until Benny's death in 1974.

Dennis was christened Owen Patrick McNulty on May 21, 1917 in Bronx, New York, the son of an Ireland-born stationary engineer. The strength and promise of his lilting tenor was first discovered while performing with his glee club at St. Patrick's Cathedral High School. Graduating from Manhattan College, he first had designs on a law career and starting singing in order to earn money for tuition. By himself, he recorded "I Never Knew Heaven Could Speak" and distributed the song out to various radio producers, one of whom presented it to Mary Livingston, Benny's wife. She was so taken that she insisted he be considered for her husband's popular radio show "The Jack Benny Show". When the show's then-tenor Kenny Baker objected to being a featherbrained foil to Benny on the show and gave notice, Dennis auditioned and won a regular spot, and the idea of law school became a thing of the past. Making his debut on the Benny show on October 8, 1939, Dennis' innocent-eyed teenager (he was actually 21 at the time) often drew more laughs than Benny himself in their rapport together. His career was interrupted by World War II when he served with the Navy. He was discharged in 1946.

His cherry-cheeked, wide-eyed charm delighted scores of radio fans and the fame Dennis received from the show drew invitations to other radio programs, and eventually his own radio show "A Day in the Life of Dennis Day" in 1946. Here he played (naturally) a naive soda jerk. But he never left Benny, staying true-blue to the comedian when The Jack Benny Program (1950) transferred to TV and became an institution for a decade and a half. Dennis also showed great flair as a mimic, impersonating a number of illustrious stars such as Ronald Colman, Jimmy Durante and James Stewart on the Benny program. Dubbed "America's Favorite Irish Tenor", The Dennis Day Show (1952) took life just two years after the Benny program went on the air. It enjoyed two seasons on TV before it was canceled.

Dennis also appeared in support of Benny on film. Buck Benny Rides Again (1940), marked Dennis' movie debut and in it he sang "My Kind of Country." Other sporadic filming emphasizing his vocal prowess were for the most part "B"-level musical entertainment. He co-starred with Judy Canova in the cornball comedy Sleepy Lagoon (1943); Anne Shirley in the romantic Music in Manhattan (1944); June Haver and Gloria DeHaven in I'll Get By (1950), in which he sang "McNamara's Band" and "There Will Never Be Another You", and; the Civil War-themed Golden Girl (1951) headlining Mitzi Gaynor as entertainer Lotta Crabtree in which Dennis crooned "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" and "California Moon." Despite these agreeable outings, he never came close to becoming a musical film star perhaps because he was too identified with his cheery, naive image on radio and TV. Once he finished The Girl Next Door (1953) which again starred Ms. Haver, Dennis was nowhere to be seen on celluloid for at least another two decades. Walt Disney also welcomed Dennis' sunny tenor in his animated features The Legend of Johnny Appleseed (1948), in which Dennis sang the title song, and Melody Time (1948).

Best known for his recording of Irish tunes, including such novelty songs as "Clancy Lowered the Boom", Dennis won over the ladies with his romantic covers of such ballads as "Mam'selle," "Dear Hearts and Gentle People" and "Mona Lisa." Occasionally he was given dramatic work on TV but nothing really came of it, coming off much better as a guest in musical variety shows.

Dennis legally adopted his professional name in 1944 against his family's wishes. The strict Irish-Catholic married Peggy Almquist in 1948 and the couple had ten children (six daughters, four sons). Dennis and his family settled in Los Angeles where he became an honorary mayor of Mandeville Canyon. He and his wife also owned an antique shop in Santa Monica for a time. He continued to perform at conventions and fairs throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and was seen only occasionally in film and TV parts as he refused any work he deemed objectionable. He died at age 72 in Los Angeles from Lou Gehrig's disease.

The preeminent singing sister act of all time with well over 75 million records sold by which the swinging big-band era could not be better represented were the fabulous Andrews Sisters: the blonde melodic mezzo Patty Andrews, the brunette soprano Maxene Andrews and the red-headed contralto Laverne Andrews.

With their precise harmonies and perfectly syncopated dance moves, the girls reached heights of worldwide fame still unattained by any group which followed. They delivered an optimistic, upbeat war campaign that instilled hope, joy and allegiance through song, comedy, and lively movement. Providing a musical security blanket to a war-torn country via records, films, radio, clubs, stages, canteens, they bravely traveled overseas war zones emphasizing through song the motto that America was strong and proud ... and to keep on singing and swinging! Unfortunately, while the adhesive harmonies of The Andrews Sisters were intricately close, their personal harmonies were more discordant.

Second only to perhaps Bob Hope in commitment and extensive USO touring, the girls' profound influence extends even today with such current pop idols as Bette Midler, The Pointer Sisters, Barry Manilow, The Manhattan Transfer and Christina Aguilera. All have reinvented themselves in Andrews Sisters' style at one time or another. .

Hailing from Minnesota, eldest sister LaVerne Sophie was born on July 6, 1911, followed by Maxene Angelyn on January 3, 1916, and finally Patricia Marie on February 16, 1918. Greek father Peter was a restaurateur in the Minneapolis area; their mother Ollie was a Norwegian homemaker. Childhood was, for the most part, lost to them. The girls' musical talents were quickly identified and they started performing on the road as youngsters, entering assorted kiddie contests and often winning for their efforts. They practically grew up on the vaudeville circuit, roughing it and toughing it with various bands and orchestras.

Signed by orchestra leader Leon Belasco in 1937, the girls made their very first recordings with "There's a Lull in My Life" (an early solo by Patty), "Jammin'" and "Wake Up and Live." Subsequent radio work eventually led to the Decca Records label. Although LaVerne read music and was, in fact, an accomplished pianist, the trio learned by sense memory, pure instinct and a strong ear. Patty, the youngest, became the lively melodic leader, engulfed by the warm harmonies of LaVerne and Maxene.

The old Yiddish song "Bei Mir Bist Du Schon" was translated into English for them by Sammy Cahn and the girls walked off with their first huge hit in late 1937 (and paid a flat fifty dollars and no royalties!). An overnight sensation upon release wherein it sold more than a million copies, their contract was immediately revised by Decca and throughout the rest of the decade, they recorded smash after smash -- "The Beer Barrel Polka (Roll Out the Barrel!)," "Well, All Right," "Hold Tight, Hold Tight" (with Jimmy Dorsey ), "Oh, Johnny! Oh, Johnny! Oh!," and their first two duets with Bing Crosby in 1939: "Ciribiribin" and "Yodelin' Jive" (both featuring jazz violinist Joe Venuti and his orchestra).

The country was absolutely enthralled and captivated. Universal responded in like by signing them to some of their nonsensical "B" musicals derived purely for escapism as the U.S. prepared itself and became embroiled in WW2. Their first appearance co-starred the zany and sometimes corny antics of The Ritz Brothers in an unflattering ditty called Argentine Nights (1940). The frizzy-bobbed trio were introduced as a sort of specialty act with the songs "Hit the Road," "Oh, He Loves Me" and "Rhumboogie." This was followed by a 1-2-3 punch back at the recording studio with their renditions of the rollicking "Beat Me, Daddy, Eight to the Bar," a reinvention of the WW1 waltz "I'll Be with You in Apple Blossom Time" and the soft, sentimental ballad "Mean to Me."

Their second film was the above-average Bud Abbott - Lou Costello vehicle Buck Privates (1941), which solidly showcased the tunes "You're a Lucky Fellow, Mr. Smith," "Bounce Me Brother with a Solid Four," "I'll Be with You in Apple Blossom Time," and their infectious signature jump hit "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy." The girls vocalized perfectly and stepped in swinging time for two other Bud Abbott - Lou Costello comedies, In the Navy (1941) and Hold That Ghost (1941).

Box-office sellouts on stage and in personal appearances across the nation, they were given their own radio show in late 1944, which continued through 1946, featuring such weekly guest stars as Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope, Eddie Cantor, Bud Abbott and Lou Costello, Carmen Miranda, Judy Garland, Ethel Merman, Rudy Vallee, and many other prominent celebrities. In late1947, CBS Radio signed the sisters as regulars on "Club Fifteen" (they appeared three times a week for five years with alternating hosts Bob Crosby and crooner Dick Haymes.

In 1942, Universal decided it was the right time to spruce them up and give them a bit more on-screen persona by featuring them front-and-center in what turned out to be an unfortunate string of poorly-produced "quickies." In Give Out, Sisters (1942), they posed as rich society matron types out to better their careers while featuring their big hit "Pennsylvania Polka." In Private Buckaroo (1942), they put on a show for servicemen singing, among others, the huge hit "Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree with Anyone Else But Me". The plots may have been pancake-thin but they were sure-fire morale boosters and needed war-time tension relievers. No trained actresses by any margin, the girls emanated a down-home naturalness and appeal with a comedic flair that attracted audiences coast-to-coast.

In later films, the girls played everything from "lonely hearts" club managers in Always a Bridesmaid (1943), to elevator operators in How's About It? (1943), to war-time factory workers in Swingtime Johnny (1943). The girls were also featured in Universal's Follow the Boys (1944) and Paramount's Hollywood Canteen (1944), popular all-star productions designed to promote the war effort. With a never-say-die flair, they finished up their Universal contract rather inauspiciously with Her Lucky Night (1945), just as WW2 had come to an end.

Still highly in demand in the recording studio, on radio, on stage and in clubs, they had no trouble moving on. In the post-war years, they appeared in Paramount's Die Welt dreht sich verkehrt (1947) and teamed with Bing Crosby on "You Don't Have to Know the Language." The picture was the highest-grossing film of that year. The Disney company also utilized the girls' voices in their cartoon features Make Mine Music (1946) and Melody Time (1948).

All three girls experienced down times in their personal lives as well during the late-1940s. There were rumblings amid the group. Maxene and Patty went through painful divorces (Maxene split with the group's manager Lou Levy; Patty lost agent and husband, Martin Melcher to singer Doris Day), and lost their parents within a year of each other, as did their mentor Jack Kapp of Decca Records. Moreover, the girls squabbled over their parents' estate shares and individual career desires.

In 1953, Patty, the group's lead, declared she was going solo. LaVerne and Maxene attempted to duo for a time until Maxene attempted suicide, of a drug overdose in 1954, heartbroken over the brittle breakup of the group. LaVerne denied the suicide attempt to reporters. The girls reunited in 1956 and worked constantly for the next decade in recording studios (Capitol and Dot), on stages throughout the world (frequently in England), and in countless guest-star television spots.

LaVerne's serious illness in 1966, however, promptly ended the trio permanently. She died of liver cancer in May of the next year. Maxene retired shortly after and became Dean of Women at a Tahoe, Nevada college. Patty, ever the trouper, continued on television, in clubs and in film cameos...wherever there was an audience.

In 1973, Patty and Maxene reunited for their first Broadway musical, the nostalgic "Over Here" (Tony-winning Janie Sell played the LaVerne counterpart) in which they performed their old standards following the show's second act; but it did little to repair the strained Patty/Maxene off-stage relationship, especially since LaVerne wasn't around to foster peace-making tactics. As Maxene blamed Patty's husband, Walter Weschler, as an instigator in separating her from Patty, the estrangement remained permanent until Maxene's death in 1995.

The two sisters did reunite briefly when they earned a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1987. The group was also inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1998. Patty sang in shows and on cruise ships while Maxene continued soloing and did quite well for a time in such musical shows as "Pippin" and "Swing Time Canteen" (the latter as late as 1995).

Plagued by heart problems (she suffered a massive heart attack in 1982), Maxene died of a second coronary on October 21, 1995. Patty remained in seclusion in her Northridge home near Los Angeles with husband Wally for years. After his death in 2010, Patty began a slow and steady decline and died on January 30, 2013, just two weeks before her 95th birthday.

Fortunately, The Andrews Sisters' legendary feuding can never overshadow their exhaustive musical contributions and unparalleled success during 36 years of performing together. In 1987, the group was honored with a Hollywood Walk of Fame star for their recording work. The following year, they were among the inaugural inductees to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.

Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians is known for Varsity Show (1937), A Christmas Story (1983) and General Electric Theater (1953).

The Dinning Sisters is known for Fun and Fancy Free (1947), National Barn Dance (1944) and Throw a Saddle on a Star (1946).

Roy Rogers (born Leonard Slye) moved to California in 1930, aged 18. He played in such musical groups as The Hollywood Hillbillies, Rocky Mountaineers, Texas Outlaws, and his own group, the International Cowboys. In 1934 he formed a group with Bob Nolan called Sons of the Pioneers. While in that group he was known as Leonard Slye, then Dick Weston. Their songs included "Cool Water" and "Tumbling Tumbleweeds". They first appeared in the western Rhythm on the Range (1936), starring Bing Crosby and Martha Raye. In 1936 he appeared as a bandit opposite Gene Autry in "The Old Coral". In 1937 Rogers went solo from "The Sons Of The Pioneeres", and made his first starring film in 1938, Under Western Stars (1938). He made almost 100 films. The Roy Rogers Show (1951) ran on NBC from October 1951 through 1957 and on CBS from 1961 to September 1964. In 1955, 67 of his feature films were released to television.

In October of 1931, Bob Nolan answered an ad in the Los Angeles Herald that read: "YODELER, for old time act to travel. Tenor preferred." He met a man named Leonard Frank Slye, who had dropped the 'e' from his family name and introduced himself as Len Sly. (Leonard Frank Slye aka Len Sly would later change his name to 'Roy Rogers') Rogers was a member of a group called the Rocky Mountaineers. Not comfortable singing solo, he wanted to hire another singer for the act and had placed the ad that led to meeting Bob Nolan. The latter left the group in the summer of 1932 and Rogers placed another ad in the newspaper classifieds for a replacement for a baritone who could yodel. Vern Spencer, better known as Tim Spencer, got the job. A third singer in the group was a singer named Bill "Slumber" Nichols, whom Rogers had hired to create a harmonizing-and-yodeling trio. The trio of Rogers, Spencer and Nichols left the Rocky Mountaineers to join Benny Nawahi and His International Cowboys, then left on a personal appearance tour of the Southwest, barnstorming radio stations along the way, as the O-Bar-O Cowboys, including brief stays in Roswell, New Mexico (where Rogers met Arlene Wilkins, his second wife) and Lubbock, Texas where Spencer met his future wife Velma Blanton, who returned to Lubbock following Spencer's death in 1974. The tour ended in Texas, where Nichols got a fiddling job in Fort Worth, and Rogers and Spencer returned to California, where Spencer returned to his former job at a Safeway store and Rogers got a solo singing position with Jack and His Texas Outlaws. Rogers, convinced that a yodeling trio was the way to go, re-connected with Spencer and Nolan and formed The Pioneer Trio. Before long, they were hired at KFWB (the Warner Bros, station in L.A.), working in the mornings as The Pioneer Trio, in the afternoons as as The Gold Star Cowboys (after their sponsor), and in the evenings on a show called "Painting the West in Song" with the Jack Joy Orchestra, where during one of these broadcasts, staffer announcer Henry Hall, thinking they were too young to be pioneers and they had added a fourth member, introduced them as The Sons of the Pioneers. Rogers, Nolan and Spencer were all adequate rhythm guitarists and the fourth member of the group was a Texas fiddler named Hugh Farr, formerly of Jack LeFevre's Texas Outlaws. These four cut their first record for Decca on August 8, 1934. By the time they recorded their fourth session in October, 1934, Hugh's brother, guitarist Karl Farr had been added to the group. Their songs and their singing led to appearances in two shorts and a feature film called "The Old Homestead," Over the course of the next two years The Sons of the Pioneers sang in westerns starring Gene Autry, Dick Foran and Bing Crosby. The group was contracted, by Columbia Pictures, to appear in their series of B-Westerns starring Charles Starrett, beginning with "Galland Defender" in November of 1935. They did so until mid-1941 when they signed on at Republic Pictures and were reunited with founding-member Roy Rogers. Changes to the group (made up with Rogers, Nolan, Spencer and the Farr brothers) first came when Spencer left the group for a while in 1946, and was replaced by Lloyd Perryman. Spencer returned and made it a six-member group, and after Rogers left to pursue his own career as a Singing Cowboy, his replacement was 'Pat Brady'. Following their third production-year season with Republic, the group was renamed Bob Nolan and the Sons of the Pioneers and billed as such until Nolan left in 1949. WWII brought more changes when Perryman and Brady were servicemen and were replaced by Ken Carson and George "Shug" Fisher for the duration. Ken Carson was kept on after Perryman and Brady rejoined following the war. Tim Spencer, as a performer, left the group in 1948 but continued to act as manager for several more years. Nolan, very close to Spencer, left in 1949 as a performing member but continued to work with the group, off-and-on, in recording sessions until 1957. Spencer was replaced by former Tommy Dorsey singer Ken Curtis and Nolan's place was taken by Lloyd Doss, who became Tommy Doss to avoid the confusion of having two Lloyds in the band. Dale Warren joined the group in 1953 after Curtis left to pursue his acting career. Hugh Farr left in 1958 and Karl Farr suffered a heart attack and died on stage in Springfield Massachusetts in 1961. Other short-term members over the years, for various reasons, included Wesley Tuttle, Doye O'Dell, George Bamby and Bob Minser.

Jack Kinney was born on 29 March 1909 in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. He was a director and writer, known for Dumbo (1941), Pinocchio (1940) and Make Mine Music (1946). He was married to Eva Jane Sinclair and Virginia Schulte. He died on 9 February 1992 in Glendale, California, USA.

Clyde Geronimi was born on 12 June 1901 in Chiavenna, Lombardy, Italy. He was a director, known for Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Peter Pan (1953). He died on 24 April 1989 in Newport Beach, California, USA.

Hamilton Luske was an American animator and film director from Chicago, who spend most of his career at the Walt Disney Animation Studios. He served as the supervising director of several of Disney's films. He was also the supervising animator for the character of Snow White in the feature film "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1937), tasked with making the character more believably human and realistic than any previous Disney character.

Luske graduated from the University of California- Berkley, where he majored in business. He started his working life as a newspaper cartoonist in Oakland. Luske was hired by Walt Disney Animation in 1931, and received most of his training as an animator there. His early work included several of the studio's short films, both in the anthology series "Silly Symphonies" (1929-1939) and the long-running character-driven series "Mickey Mouse" (1929-1953). His first major assignment was serving as the supervising animator of Snow White in "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1937). He was rewarded for his success by becoming a supervising director in subsequent films.

Luske served as a supervising director in the feature film "Pinocchio" (1940), which he co-directed with Ben Sharpsteen. He co-directed "The Pastoral Symphony" segment of the anthology film "Fantasia" (1940), which focused on characters from Greco-Roman mythology. Luske served as the supervising director of the animated segments of the feature film "The Reluctant Dragon" (1941), while the live-action segments were directed by Alfred Werker.

Luske subsequently co-directed "Saludos Amigos" (1942), "Make Mine Music" (1946), "Fun and Fancy Free" (1947), "Melody Time" (1948), "So Dear to My Heart" (1948), "Cinderella" (1950), "Alice in Wonderland" (1951), "Peter Pan" (1953), "Lady and the Tramp" (1955), and "One Hundred and One Dalmatians" (1961). He directed an animated sequence in the live-action musical film "Mary Poppins" (1964), and won an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for his efforts.

Luske's last significant assignment was directing the animated short film "Scrooge McDuck and Money" (1967), marking the first animated appearance of Scrooge. Scrooge McDuck had been a recurring character in Disney comics since 1947, but had received no adaptations in film until Luske's short film.

Luske died in 1968, in Bel Air, California, at the age of 64. At the time, Disney's other veteran animators had started leaving or retiring, marking an end of an era for the studio. Luske was posthumously named a Disney Legend in 1999. Luske's son Tommy Luske worked as a voice actor in the 1950s.

Wilfred Jackson was born on 24 January 1906 in Chicago, Illinois, USA. He was a director, known for Cinderella (1950), Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) and Alice in Wonderland (1951). He died on 7 August 1988 in Balboa Island, Newport Beach, California, USA.

Songwriter ("A Boy Is a Curious Thing"), auhor, director, producer and actor, educated at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Between 1928 and 1938 he was a Broadway stage actor and appeared in several films, and from 1938 to 1942 he was a writer for radio, films and stage productions, and later television. Joining ASCAP in 1954, his chief musical collaborators included William Lava, Walter Schumann, Paul Smith, Gill George, Ted Sears, Ralph Wright, and Oliver Wallace. His other popular-song compositions include "I'll Remember", "I Wonder", "Following the Leader", "Stingaree", "Now to Sleep", "Together Time", "Break of Day", and "We'll Smoke the Blighter Out".

Harry Reeves was born in 1906. He was a writer, known for Cinderella (1950), Fun and Fancy Free (1947) and The Magical World of Disney (1954). He died in 1971.

Ken Anderson was born on 17 March 1909 in Seattle, Washington, USA. He was a writer, known for Cinderella (1950), Robin Hood (1973) and The Aristocats (1970). He was married to Polly Anderson. He died on 13 December 1993 in La Cañada Flintridge, California, USA.

Erdman Penner was born on 17 January 1905 in Rosthern, Saskatchewan, Canada. He was a writer and director, known for Sleeping Beauty (1959), Cinderella (1950) and Lady and the Tramp (1955). He died on 10 November 1956 in Los Angeles, California, USA.

Homer Brightman was born on 1 October 1901. He was a writer, known for Cinderella (1950), The New 3 Stooges (1965) and The Magical World of Disney (1954). He died on 30 January 1988 in Kirkland, Washington, USA.

As his writing partner, Winston Hibler, once put it, "Perhaps Ted's greatest talent was his own unique brand of humor. It was warm, gentle humor; there was never a barb in it. And his was the key, to Ted's whole personality. He was the kindest man I ever knew. He lived with laughter and without malice. He was generous in all things. His talents could be had for the asking. No job was too small, none too big. And this all adds up to the fact that through his talents and his personal virtues. Ted was able to achieve two of the goals he set for himself in life: he made good pictures and he made good friends." Ted Sears was a man of multiple talents. Born in 1900, he spent most of his childhood in New York. As a teenager he attended a trade school in Manhattan where he learned a variety of lettering techniques - since he planned on becoming a sign painter. Even though art and drawing were his first loves, his most lasting interests, early on he convinced himself he would never be an exceptional artist, and he also knew he had to help support his parents and four sisters. However, trying out various jobs was not a problem; he was good at almost everything, and so he lettered title cards for silent movies, worked with trick photography, drew ads

• and even made props for early two-reel comedies, joining silent comic

Charlie Bowers's company, putting together many of the objects Charlie and the other actors used. While on the set, he came up with plot ideas and gags for Charlie's unscripted movies, since he had an innate sense of story that developed quickly. He was young, so were the movies - and he soon turned to an even younger field: the world of film cartoons. Ted had never stopped drawing, discovering that cartoons with their loose, zany characters came naturally to him. This led to work as an animator in various studios - eventually he joined the Max Fleischer organization where he contributed story ideas as well as animation to Betty Boop and many other characters. (In fact, "character" was his favorite word.)

In 1931, Walt Disney hired Ted on a long term contract not as an animator but as a senior writer, (the Disney company's first) and in the twenty-seven years that followed no one ever challenged his position. He had found a niche that suited him, surrounded by the most talented and colorful personalities in animation, writing dialogue and story lines for virtually every important production the Disney Studio made: "Snow White," "Pinocchio," "Bambi," "Dumbo," "Fantasia," "Saludos Amigos," "Cinderella," "Alice in Wonderland," "Peter Pan" (for which he wrote song lyrics), "Lady and the Tramp," and "Sleeping beauty." As part of the Disney's company's original story department he is one of the men attributed in the creation of storyboarding now an industry standard for not just animated film but also live action. He also co-wrote narration for many of the Disney nature films with Winston Hibler, and later did a number of the Disney TV shows. He had writing credits on perhaps a dozen Oscar and Emmy winning productions.

To amuse himself, Ted still drew for his friends and made props for the plays his daughter appeared in - he also produced his family's Christmas cards which employed his old love for trick photography an special effects - these holiday cards took months to prepare and were awaited with great anticipation by over three hundred recipients. (he lettered the envelopes individually, turning each name into calligraphy.)

When Ted died in the summer of 1958, he left his mark on the Disney films, their quality in part springing from his belief in what he did, his many gifts, and the satisfaction that came from working with the finest talents in the animation business.

Joe Rinaldi was born on 1 August 1914 in San Francisco, California, USA. He was a writer, known for Cinderella (1950), Lady and the Tramp (1955) and Sleeping Beauty (1959). He died on 25 November 1974 in Los Angeles, California, USA.

William Cottrell was born on 19 November 1906 in South Bend, Indiana, USA. He was a writer, known for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Peter Pan (1953). He was married to Hazel Sewell. He died on 22 December 1995 in Burbank, California, USA.

Jesse Marsh is known for Make Mine Music (1946), Melody Time (1948) and The Legend of Johnny Appleseed (1948).

Art Scott was a producer, known for Scooby's Laff-A Lympics (1977), Super Friends (1973) and The Herculoids (1967). He died in 1999 in Los Angeles, California, USA.

Robert C. Moore was born in California in 1920. He briefly attended art classes at the Chouinard Institute in Los Angeles, and made his debut at the animation studios of Walter Lantz. Moore's father was a violinist with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, and had played on several Disney shorts, including 'Steamboat Willie' and 'Plane Crazy'. In 1940, Bob Moore also got a chance to work at the Disney Studios, and became the assistant of Walt Kelly on animating 'Fantasia' and 'Dumbo'. Moore subsequently joined the Story Department, working as a gag man on 'The Reluctant Dragon' and 'The Three Caballeros'.

Moore also worked on the several propaganda films the studios made for the American Army during World War II. In late 1948, he went to work for the Publicity Art Department, where he did artwork for posters, books and other promotional material under guidance of Hank Porter. When Porter left the department in 1950, Moore became art director. He remained in this position until his retirement in 1983.

As for his comics work, Bob Moore had already contributed to Lev Gleason comic books in 1947-48. Between 1950 and 1952, Moore also drew for the Disney comic books published by Dell/Western. He illustrated mainly 'Donald Duck' stories for Walt Disney's Christmas Parade and Four Color Comics, but he has also done some work on 'Grandma Duck' and 'Little Bad Wolf'. In addition, Moore drew for the Little Golden Books series in 1952-53.

Bob Moore passed away in Koloa, Hawaii, on 20 November 2001.

John Walbridge was born on 10 December 1900 in California, USA. He was a writer, known for Alice in Wonderland (1951), Dumbo (1941) and Pinocchio (1940). He died in April 1964 in California, USA.

Walter Elias Disney was born on December 5, 1901 in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Flora Disney (née Call) and Elias Disney, a Canadian-born farmer and businessperson. He had Irish, German, and English ancestry. Walt moved with his parents to Kansas City at age seven, where he spent the majority of his childhood. At age 16, during World War I, he faked his age to join the American Red Cross. He soon returned home, where he won a scholarship to the Kansas City Art Institute. There, he met a fellow animator, Ub Iwerks. The two soon set up their own company. In the early 1920s, they made a series of animated shorts for the Newman theater chain, entitled "Newman's Laugh-O-Grams". Their company soon went bankrupt, however.

The two then went to Hollywood in 1923. They started work on a new series, about a live-action little girl who journeys to a world of animated characters. Entitled the "Alice Comedies", they were distributed by M.J. Winkler (Margaret). Walt was backed up financially only by Winkler and his older brother Roy O. Disney, who remained his business partner for the rest of his life. Hundreds of "Alice Comedies" were produced between 1923 and 1927, before they lost popularity.

Walt then started work on a series around a new animated character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. This series was successful, but in 1928, Walt discovered that M.J. Winkler and her husband, Charles Mintz, had stolen the rights to the character away from him. They had also stolen all his animators, except for Ub Iwerks. While taking the train home, Walt started doodling on a piece of paper. The result of these doodles was a mouse named Mickey. With only Walt and Ub to animate, and Walt's wife Lillian Disney (Lilly) and Roy's wife Edna Disney to ink in the animation cells, three Mickey Mouse cartoons were quickly produced. The first two didn't sell, so Walt added synchronized sound to the last one, Steamboat Willie (1928), and it was immediately picked up. With Walt as the voice of Mickey, it premiered to great success. Many more cartoons followed. Walt was now in the big time, but he didn't stop creating new ideas.

In 1929, he created the 'Silly Symphonies', a cartoon series that didn't have a continuous character. They were another success. One of them, Flowers and Trees (1932), was the first cartoon to be produced in color and the first cartoon to win an Oscar; another, Three Little Pigs (1933), was so popular it was often billed above the feature films it accompanied. The Silly Symphonies stopped coming out in 1939, but Mickey and friends, (including Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Pluto, and plenty more), were still going strong and still very popular.

In 1934, Walt started work on another new idea: a cartoon that ran the length of a feature film. Everyone in Hollywood was calling it "Disney's Folly", but Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) was anything but, winning critical raves, the adoration of the public, and one big and seven little special Oscars for Walt. Now Walt listed animated features among his ever-growing list of accomplishments. While continuing to produce cartoon shorts, he also started producing more of the animated features. Pinocchio (1940), Dumbo (1941), and Bambi (1942) were all successes; not even a flop like Fantasia (1940) and a studio animators' strike in 1941 could stop Disney now.

In the mid 1940s, he began producing "packaged features", essentially a group of shorts put together to run feature length, but by 1950 he was back with animated features that stuck to one story, with Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland (1951), and Peter Pan (1953). In 1950, he also started producing live-action films, with Treasure Island (1950). These began taking on greater importance throughout the 50s and 60s, but Walt continued to produce animated features, including Lady and the Tramp (1955), Sleeping Beauty (1959), and One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961).

In 1955 he opened a theme park in southern California: Disneyland. It was a place where children and their parents could take rides, just explore, and meet the familiar animated characters, all in a clean, safe environment. It was another great success. Walt also became one of the first producers of films to venture into television, with his series The Magical World of Disney (1954) which he began in 1954 to promote his theme park. He also produced The Mickey Mouse Club (1955) and Zorro (1957). To top it all off, Walt came out with the lavish musical fantasy Mary Poppins (1964), which mixed live-action with animation. It is considered by many to be his magnum opus. Even after that, Walt continued to forge onward, with plans to build a new theme park and an experimental prototype city in Florida.

He did not live to see the culmination of those plans, however; in 1966, he developed lung cancer brought on by his lifelong chain-smoking. He died of a heart attack following cancer surgery on December 15, 1966 at age 65. But not even his death, it seemed, could stop him. Roy carried on plans to build the Florida theme park, and it premiered in 1971 under the name Walt Disney World. His company continues to flourish, still producing animated and live-action films and overseeing the still-growing empire started by one man: Walt Disney, who will never be forgotten.