George Crabtree coins the term "vitalamine" to refer to a pill product that may or may not be truly effective. In 1912, Casimir Funk (1884-1967) was among the first to formulate the concept of vitamins, which he called "vital amines" or "vitamins."
The blood-thinning property of aspirin was discovered in 1950 by a doctor in California. He had been directing his tonsillectomy patients to chew Aspergum (a gum containing aspirin), and he noticed that an unusual number of them had to be hospitalized for severe bleeding. The doctor's finding was not taken seriously, and it was not until 1960 that the idea of using aspirin to prevent blood clots was explored.
Mary Baker Eddy (1821-1910) founded the Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston in 1879. Christian Scientists do not believe in most medical treatments; instead, they believe that sickness is an illusion that can be corrected by prayer.
In 1906, the Ontario Medical College for Women was merged into the University of Toronto's medical school, which then became coeducational. Jennie Smillie (1878-1981) graduated in 1909, and became the first female surgeon in Canada, specializing in obstetrics and gynecology.
The first kidney transplant from a cadaver was performed in 1933 in the Soviet Union; the patient died two days later due to incompatible blood type. The first successful kidney transplant was performed in 1950 in Illinois; the kidney was rejected 10 months later because immunosuppressant drugs were not available at the time. The first kidney transplant from a live donor was performed in 1952 in Paris; the kidney failed after three weeks.