Mallory calls the luggage handler 'George'. It is received as a derogation as porters in sleeping cars until the 1960s were almost always black and were often automatically called 'George' regardless of their actual name in reference to George Pullman, the designer and manufacturer of the Pullman sleeping car. This is now seen as demeaning.
While guarding the prisoner on the train, Cyril is reading Elmore Leonard's "3:10 to Yuma" - a story about a deputy who has to get an outlaw prisoner onto a train. It was made into 3:10 to Yuma (1957) and 3:10 to Yuma (2007).
Before Archer uses the grenade, Lana calls Archer "Gomez", as Gomez from The Addams Family (1964) used to blow up his toy trains on a regular basis.
The "New Scotland" front is a play on the name of the province of Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia literally translates to "New Scotland" in Latin. Nova Scotia is the province in Canada where Trailer Park Boys (2001) is set. The episode features the stars of said series.