As Desmond is being dismissed from the monastery by Brother Campbell, on his desk there is a framed photograph. It is a photo of Brother Campbell and Ms. Hawkins, the woman who sold Desmond the wedding ring in Flashes Before Your Eyes (2007).
The book in the parachutist's bag is titled 'Ardil-22'. This is the Portuguese version of Joseph Heller's 'Catch 22' - the name of the episode. The men in the Arctic listening station at the end of Season Two spoke Portuguese.
The Numbers: Brother Campbell says that the monastery only bottles 108 cases of their wine a year (108 is the sum of "Hurley's numbers").
On the beach, Jin's story, translated from Korean, is about a man with a hook attacking a young woman. It's a version of a classic urban legend and one used often in other television shows and movies.
In the monastery, Desmond is seen placing labels on wine bottles. The wine is named 'Moriah Vineyards', which is an anagram for 'harmed visionary', an accurate description of Desmond.