Stockard Channing had only just met Martin Sheen and established that their two characters had three daughters when she shot her first scene with him.
The Idaho incident Mandy consults with is a reference to the hostage situation/shootout with the Weaver family at Ruby Ridge.
President Bartlet (Martin Sheen) threatens the striking truck workers that he would nationalize the trucking industry to avert the strike, using the precedent that Harry S. Truman did it in 1952 to avert the coal mines. Truman actually seized the steel mills and his seizure was ruled unconstitutional in the Supreme court case Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer. It is mentioned that the action was overturned in the episode.
"Indonesian" is indeed a language, albeit an invented one. It starts with Malay as its grammatical base, then adds vocabulary items from the various other languages of the islands.