It is stated that there are 148 lifeforms on board Voyager (plus the Doctor); however, Janeway states in The 37's (1995) that there are 152 people on board, and 11 members of the crew have died since. Even allowing for the birth of Naomi Wildman, that leaves half a dozen crew members who seem to have come back to life.
The human remains found in the cave are those of crewman Hogan, killed while collecting bones on the Hanon planet where the Kazon marooned Voyager's crew in Basics, Part I (1996), removing all their technology as punishment for not sharing it. The skeletal remains were NOT, however, found with a communicator badge and tricorder. It is clearly seen that Gegen and Veer gather information at Bahrat's space station next to the Nekrit Expanse, soon after acquiring a Federation com badge and a tricorder from traders.
The Saurians acquire a canister of warp plasma that they use to track Voyager's warp signature. This is often incorrectly assumed to be the container that Neelix uses to set up a trap in Fair Trade (1997), which didn't actually contain Voyager's warp plasma but that of the space station. However, that canister was destroyed in an explosion as a part of the plot. The one the Saurians acquire comes from a Tak Tak trader, who Voyager traded with separately in Macrocosm (1996) and could easily have sold some warp plasma to.
Working only with skeletal remains, these scientists - with no reference for hair - come up with an image of a human that is pretty reasonable, but getting the hair placement and distribution absolutely correct is highly unlikely if not impossible.
Incorrectly regarded as goofs. The scientists come up with a depiction of a human, but it does not include hair. The hair placement (and correct skin color) are added after the traders they met (who had presumably seen one or more of the crew) "were able to help us clarify certain details."
Veer analyzes the marking on the uniform insignia and deduces not only the name of a vessel but the correct pronunciation as well; however, there is no context to lead him to conclude the nature of the marks, or, assuming they did correspond to a language, whether each symbol represented a sound (as in English), a syllable (as in Amharic), or a word (as in Chinese). The same error was made in Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), in which the alien probe deduced the pronunciation and meaning of the Earth probe on the basis of four letters.
Calling the Voth descendants "hadrosaurus" is incorrect. One look at them and it is obvious they would be descendants of Parasaurolophus. In fact, the Holodeck generated a Parasaurolophus.
At the beginning, the saurian scientist states that "...before we only had a theory, but now we have proof." No trained scientist would make that mistake. He would have used "hypothesis" instead of "theory," since theory in science is not a guess but an established (through experimentation) truth that guides an understanding of a phenomenon (such as "the theory of gravity").
When The Doctor describes the dinosaur species on the Holodeck, his delivery is slow as if he's reading this information off cue cards.