On the character select screen in the arcade version, Chun-Li is shown in a pink outfit, despite the fact that she fights in a blue outfit (corrected in Super Nintendo version.)
On the character select screen, Zangief is wearing a tank top, but he fights shirtless.
The flag of Spain (which appears for Vega's/Balrog's stage) on the map of the character select screen is incorrect; it's from Franco's regime (identifiable by the coat of arms), which was replaced with the present-day flag in 1975; sixteen years before this game was released.
One of Guile's victorious quotes, he sometimes says "Go home and be a family man!", regardless if his opponent is a male or female.