The humans' terms for time measurement appear to be simple replacements, as explained on the Trivia page - "micron" = second; "centon" = minute; and "centar," "secton," "sectar" and "yahren" corresponded respectively to hour, week, month and year - the term "centon" is the most used, often in a context that cannot possibly mean a minute: "He should have been in bed centons ago," "A route that will take us centons out of our way," etc.
The members of the council were elected in the first episode. However, every time we see the council, there are different members.
The Gemini Freighter was filled with Gemons who followed Gemon religions and spoke Gemonese. It left Gemini during the exodus. However, in "Murder on the Rising Star", Cella says that both were on Caprica during the attack.
Also, the Rising Star brought Uri from his home, which had to be on one of the other eleven planets (the novelization says that he was Leon). This makes sense, as we can see when Apollo leaves Jolly below decks, we see the writing L.S.S. Rising Star on the bulkhead. However, in "The Long Patrol", Athena's computer lists it as T.S.S. Rising Star, making it Taura.
The battle tactic of the Cylons is usually to swoop down on the target in a row, one after the other. On the green radar screen, they are always shown closing in on a wide front, regardless of the formation actually employed.