David Carradine got the lead role over martial arts legend Bruce Lee, who had extensive involvement in its development. The network felt the American audience was "not ready" for an Asian actor in the lead of a network series, even though Lee had been on "The Green Hornet" (1966).
The set for the Shaolin Temple was originally a set used for the Camelot (1967) that was inexpensively and effectively converted for the Chinese setting.
In several episodes, a younger Kwai Chang Caine was played by Keith Carradine, David Carradine's younger brother. Their other brother Robert Carradine and their father John Carradine also appeared in episodes (as Sonny Jim and Serenity Johnson, respectively).
The only reason this show went off the air was because star David Carradine quit the series. He had sustained so many injuries, he felt he could not go on. The show got high ratings all three seasons it aired.