The Wrong Man (1956)

Director:

Alfred Hitchcock

Writers:

Maxwell Anderson (novel)
Angus MacPhail (screenplay) ...
(more)

Release Date:

23 December 1956 (USA)

Genre:

Drama | Film-Noir

Tagline:

The police were convinced... The witnesses were positive ...Yet he was... THE WRONG MAN

Plot:

True story of an innocent man mistaken for a criminal.

Plot Keywords:

Trial | Bank | Brother Brother Relationship | Broken Mirror | Inn

Cast

Henry Fonda	...	Christopher Emmanuel 'Manny' Balestrero
Vera Miles	...	Rose Balestrero
Anthony Quayle	...	Frank D. O'Connor
Harold J. Stone	...	Det. Lt. Bowers
John Heldabrand	...	Tomasini
Doreen Lang	...	Ann James
Norma Connolly	...	Betty Todd
Lola D'Annunzio	...	Olga Conforti, Manny's Sister
Robert Essen	...	Gregory Balestrero
Dayton Lummis	...	Judge Groat
Charles Cooper	...	Det. Matthews
Esther Minciotti	...	Mama Balestrero
Laurinda Barrett	...	Constance Willis
Nehemiah Persoff	...	Eugene 'Gene' Conforti
Kippy Campbell	...	Robert Balestrero
Richard Robbins	...	Daniel, the guilty man
Peggy Webber	...	Miss Dennerly
rest of cast listed alphabetically:
Charles Aidman	...	Jail medical attendant (uncredited)
Sammy Armaro	...	Suspect (uncredited)
Barry Atwater	...	Mr. Bishop (uncredited)
Michael Ann Barrett	...	Mrs. Daily (uncredited)
John C. Becher	...	Liquor store proprietor (uncredited)
Henry Beckman	...	Prisoner (uncredited)
Ray Bennett	...	Policeman (uncredited)
Harold Berman	...	Court stenographer (uncredited)
Mary Boylan	...	Curious customer (uncredited)
Paul Bryar	...	Interrogation officer (uncredited)
Ed Bryce	...	Court officer (uncredited)
John Caler	...	Soldier (uncredited)
Leonard Capone	...	Court Clerk (uncredited)
Paul Carr	...	Young man (uncredited)
Gordon Clark	...	Police attendant (uncredited)
William Crane	...	Juror (uncredited)
Spencer Davis	...	Prisoner's lawyer (uncredited)
M'el Dowd	...	Nurse (uncredited)
Josef Draper	...	Juror (uncredited)
Richard Durham	...	Department of Corrections employee (uncredited)
Olga Fabian	...	Mrs. Mank (uncredited)
Bonnie Franklin	...	Young girl (uncredited)
Chris Gampel	...	Department of Corrections employee (uncredited)
Earl George	...	Delicatessen proprietor (uncredited)
Charles J. Guiotta	...	Court officer (uncredited)
Cherry Hardy	...	Waving woman (uncredited)
Will Hare	...	Raymond McKaba, O'Connor's law partner (uncredited)
Rhodelle Heller	...	Stork Club customer (uncredited)
Alfred Hitchcock	...	Prologue narrator (voice) (uncredited)
William Hudson	...	Police lieutenant from 110th Precinct (uncredited)
Anna Karen	...	Miss Duffield (uncredited)
Barbara Karen	...	Giggly girl (uncredited)
Mike Keene	...	Department of Corrections employee (uncredited)
Werner Klemperer	...	Dr. Bannay (uncredited)
Walter Kohler	...	Manny's Felony Court Attorney (uncredited)
William LeMassena	...	Sang (uncredited)
Alexander Lockwood	...	Emmerton (uncredited)
Maurice Manson	...	District Attorney (uncredited)
Barney Martin	...	Juror (uncredited)
Donald May	...	Arresting patrolman (uncredited)
Marc May	...	Tomasini's assistant (uncredited)
Don McGovern	...	Waving man (uncredited)
John McKee	...	Police attendant (uncredited)
Dallas Midgette	...	Customer at Bickford's (uncredited)
Silvio Minciotti	...	Mr. Balestrero (uncredited)
Patricia Morrow	...	Young girl (uncredited)
Daniel Ocko	...	Felony Court judge (uncredited)
Natalie Priest	...	Delicatessen proprietor's wife (uncredited)
Allan Ray	...	Suspect (uncredited)
Frances Reid	...	Mrs. O'Connor (voice) (uncredited)
Maria Reid	...	Spanish woman (uncredited)
Rossana San Marco	...	Mrs. Ferraro (uncredited)
Penny Santon	...	Spanish woman (uncredited)
Frank Schofield	...	Department of Corrections employee (uncredited)
Elizabeth Scott	...	Waving woman (uncredited)
Helen Shields	...	Receptionist (uncredited)
Otto Simánek	...	Mr. Mank (uncredited)
Oliver Stacey	...	Stork Club customer (uncredited)
Harry Stanton	...	(uncredited)
John Stephen	...	Stork Club customer (uncredited)
Clarence Straight	...	Policeman (uncredited)
Dan Terranova	...	Mr. Ferraro (uncredited)
Emerson Treacy	...	Mr. Wendon (uncredited)
John Truax	...	Suspect (uncredited)
Don Turner	...	Detective (uncredited)
John Vivyan	...	Det. Holman (uncredited)
Maurice Wells	...	Department of Corrections employee (uncredited)

Directed by
Alfred Hitchcock

Writing credits
Maxwell Anderson		(novel "The True Story of Christopher Emmanuel Balestrero")
Angus MacPhail		(screenplay) and
Maxwell Anderson		(screenplay)

Produced by
Herbert Coleman	....	associate producer
Alfred Hitchcock	....	producer (uncredited)

Original Music by
Bernard Herrmann

Cinematography by
Robert Burks

Film Editing by
George Tomasini

Art Direction by
Paul Sylbert

Set Decoration by
William L. Kuehl

Makeup Department
Gordon Bau	....	makeup supervisor

Second Unit Director or Assistant Director
Daniel McCauley	....	assistant director (as Daniel J. McCauley)

Sound Department
Earl Crain Sr.	....	sound

Stunts
Lucky Kargo	....	stunts (uncredited)

Camera and Electrical Department
Frank J. Calabria	....	additional photographer (uncredited)

Other crew
George Groves	....	technical advisor
Frank D. O'Connor	....	technical advisor

Thanks
Sherman Billingsley	....	special thanks

Production Companies

• Warner Bros. Pictures

Distributors

• Warner Bros. Pictures (1956) (USA) (theatrical)
• Warner Bros. (1957) (France) (theatrical)
• Warner Home Video (1995) (USA) (VHS)
• Action Gitanes (1999) (France) (theatrical) (re-release)
• Warner Home Video (1999) (USA) (VHS)
• Criterion Collection, The (2000) (USA) (DVD)
• Warner Home Video (2004) (USA) (DVD)
• Sociedade Importadora de Filmes (SIF) (Portugal)
• Warner Bros. (1957) (West Germany) (theatrical)

Runtime:

105 min

Country:

USA

Language:

English | Italian | Spanish

Color:

Black and White

Aspect Ratio:

1.66 : 1

Sound Mix:

Mono (RCA Sound System)

Certification:

UK:PG (1988) | Canada:PG (Ontario) | UK:A (1957) | Argentina:13 | Australia:PG | Chile:14 | Finland:K-16 | France:U (re-release) | Peru:14 | USA:Approved (PCA #18117) | West Germany:12

Filming Locations:

5th Avenue subway station, New York City, New York, USA

Company:

Warner Bros. Pictures

Trivia:

According to Book "It’s only a movie", Hitchcock asked John Michael Hayes to work on the treatment and screenplay of The Wrong Man, also without a fee, but for a percentage of the profits. Hayes declined, and their four-picture relationship ended.

Goofs:

Crew or equipment visible: As Rose is being led up the stairs of the mental treatment facility, the shadow of someone's head appears in the bottom left corner behind the lamp. It seems as though someone walked past a bulb.

Quotes:

[first lines]
Prologue narrator: This is Alfred Hitchcock speaking. In the past, I have given you many kinds of suspense pictures. But this time, I would like you to see a different one. The difference lies in the fact that this is a true story, every word of it. And yet it contains elements that are stranger than all the fiction that has gone into many of the thrillers that I've made before.

Movie Connections:

Referenced in Serenity (2005)

And Justice for All?

The theme of an innocent man wrongly accused of a crime was a frequent one in Alfred Hitchcock's work, but "The Wrong Man" is very different from most of his other treatments of this theme. It is based upon a true story, and is told in a sober, semi-documentary style rather than the director's more normal thriller style. There are no cliffhangers or chase sequences and no directorial set pieces like the scene with the crop-dusting plane in "North by Northwest" or the shower scene in "Psycho", and the ending is far more downbeat than the normal triumphant finale with the villain dead or in police custody and the hero vindicated and free to marry the beautiful young heroine. (One thing the film does have in common with a more traditional thriller is a suitably eerie musical score from Bernard Herrman who also provided the music for several other Hitchcock films).

The central character is Emmanuel Balestrero, a musician employed in a New York nightclub, a devoted husband and the father of two young sons. After visiting an insurance company to borrow some money against his wife's policy, Balestrero is arrested and told that he has been identified as the man who carried out two robberies at the company's offices. He protests his innocence but further witnesses come forward to allege that he was involved in other robberies. He is released on bail, and manages to find a lawyer to take on the case, but has difficulty in establishing an alibi that will clear his name. The action culminates in a trial scene, something of a rarity in Hitchcock's work. Although he was fascinated by the law and the criminal justice system, he preferred to create an atmosphere of physical menace rather than rely on the verbal duels of the traditional courtroom drama.

Parallel to the story of Balestrero's fight to establish his innocence is the story of his wife, Rose. Another of Hitchcock's interests, one often reflected in his work, was psychology, often but not always the psychology of the criminal mind. This interest is explored most deeply in "Spellbound", but it also appears in films such as "Strangers on a Train" and "Psycho"; both Bruno Anthony and Norman Bates can be seen as psychological case studies. In "The Wrong Man" the stress of her husband's ordeal affects Rose's mind, and she suffers first from depression, then from paranoia. She suffers a breakdown and is committed to a mental hospital. Vera Miles gives a particularly fine performance as Rose, contrasting with Henry Fonda's baffled but stoical Balestrero.

The film is not "scary" in the way that a normal Hitchcock thriller is scary, but is nevertheless frightening. In the average thriller, we feel anxiety on behalf of the hero; here we feel anxiety not only on behalf of Balestrero, who runs the risk of being imprisoned for a crime he did not commit, but also on behalf of society as a whole. This is one Hitchcock film with a serious message, intended to show that miscarriages of justice can occur all too easily. The director emphasised this message in the opening spoken prologue in which he addresses the camera directly, a prologue that replaces his normal cameo appearance. The possibility of an innocent man going to jail is all the more chilling for the fact that no-one has given perjured evidence or deliberately attempted to frame Balestrero. The witnesses genuinely believe that he is the guilty man, and the police remain dispassionate throughout. Certainly, some of the elements of criminal procedure shown would not be permissible today (suspects being arrested without being informed of their rights or of the crime of which they are suspected, interviews being conducted without a written or taped record being kept, two witnesses allowed to be present together during an identification parade), but this does not lessen the film's impact; anyone with any knowledge of the law will be aware that innocent people can still be convicted in the twenty-first century.

Apart from "Psycho" this was Hitchcock's last film made in black and white, and he makes good use of the medium, with some striking photography. Particularly notable is his use of close-ups, such as of the witnesses when they think they recognise Balestrero as the robber, or of Vera Miles's face to illustrate Rose's emotional turmoil. This is a stark, sombre film, a memorable departure from the normal Hitchcock style. 7/10