The Personnel Protection Equipment the crew donned before the battle started is called Anti-Flash Gear, and it is suppose to provide protection to the head, neck, face and hands from short-duration flame exposure and heat.
The Tropic of Cancer is located at around 23.5° North of the equator and runs through Mexico, the Bahamas, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, India, and southern China. It marks the Northern most extreme deviation of the daily motion of the sun. Cancer refers to a crab from the Greek myths which is also the name of a stellar constellation.
Kingfisher is a mine detection sonar system.
TASM is short for Tomahawk Anti-Ship Missile.
The third Columbian warship "Charlie" is identified as being Duke-class. The Duke-class is an anti-submarine warfare frigate designed and built by the British Royal Navy in the late 1980's, some of the older ships in the class have been sold to the Chilean Navy. The Duke-class is 4,900 tons displacement and 436 feet in length. They are armed with one 32 cell vertical launch system that fires Sea Wolf surface-to-air missiles for anti-missile defense, two deck mounted quad Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers, two 12.75 inch Stingray torpedo tubes, one 4.5 inch naval gun on the bow, two 30mm Mark 44 Bushmaster autocannons and two M134 .30 caliber miniguns for point defense.