The code that Conway enters at the end spells out "DEMAND FLUORIDE!" if interpreted as hexadecimal values for ASCII / ANSI characters as used in computer code.
Archer's ID card that he presents to the gate guard shows that he is "Colonel Lando Calrissiano", a nod to the Star Wars character Lando Calrissian. After the gate guard is knocked out with a tranquilizer dart, Archer says, "Boring conversation anyway", a nod to Han Solo's line in Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope (1977).
Archer refers to the foreign soldier as "Pyle", a reference to Gomer Pyle: USMC (1964). The name Gomer Pyle also was used as a nickname for a slow-witted Marine in Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket (1987). When Archer is told to slice out the soldier's retinas, he replies, "I can't. It would kill LuAnne." In the TV series, Gomer Pyle (Jim Nabors) had a girlfriend named Lou-Ann Poovey, played by Elizabeth MacRae.
When Lana is unsure of the position of Argentina, supposed ally of the U.S., Conway mentions a "lovely coup". This happened between 1976 and 1983; during those years Argentine Army was in charge of the government, in an attempt to stop communism. Many people say that it was mandated by the U.S. government.
After Ray blows cigarette smoke into Cyril's face, Malory calls Ray "Virginia Slim", a brand of cigarettes marketed towards women.